The Three Voyages of Captain Cook Round the World. Vol. VII. Being the Third of the Third Voyage - James King

I.	II.	III.	IV.			V.			VI.			VII.			VIII.			IX.		X.			XI.			XII.		XIII.		XIV.
TIME.	PLACE.	Error of daily Rate.	Longitude by Greenwich Rate.			Longitude by new Rate.			True Longitude			Accumulated Error By Greenwich Rate.						Length of Time.		Error by new Rate.						Length of Time		Thermometer.		Barometer.
												in Space.			in Time.					in Space.			in Time.					great.	least
												in Space.			in Time.					in Space.			in Time.					Height
		ʺ	°	ʹ	ʺ	°	ʹ	ʺ	°	ʹ	ʺ	°	ʹ	ʺ	H.	ʹ	ʺ	M.	D.	°	ʹ	ʺ	H.	ʹ	ʺ	M.	D.
1776.
June 11.	Greenwich.	-1,21	0	0	0E.	0	0	0E.	0	0	0E.
Oct. 24.	Cape of Good Hope	-2,26	18	26	30	18	26	30	18	23	15	+0	3	15	0	0	13,0	4	23	+0	3	15	0	0	13,0	4	23	84	63	30,	0
1777.
Feb. 22.	Queen Charlotte’s Sound, New Zealand	-2,91	175	25	0	174	54	25	174	23	31	1	1	29	0	4	5,3	9	4	+0	30	54	0	2	3,6	4	9	73	53	30,	0
May 7.	Annamooka	+0,52	186	13	26	186	13	15	185	11	18	1	2	8	0	4	8,5	11	22	+1	1	57	0	4	7,8	2	18	83	74	30,	1
June 7.	Annamooka	-0,54	186	8	28	186	12	43	185	11	18	0	57	10	0	3	48,6	12	25	+1	1	25	0	4	5,6	1	3	79	73	30,	15
July 1.	Tongataboo	-1,78	185	48	50	184	53	0	184	55	18	0	53	32	0	3	34,1	13	21	-0	2	18	0	0	9,2	0	24	85	69	30,	15
Sept. 1.	Otaheite	-1,54	211	41	26	210	39	8	210	22	28	1	18	58	0	5	15,8	15	27	+0	16	40	0	1	6,6	2	6	90	70	30,	1
Oct. 17.	Huaheine	-2,30	210	14	52	208	50	24	208	52	24	1	22	28	0	5	29,8	17	17	-0	2	0	0	0	8,0	1	18	90¹⁄₂	72	29,	9
Nov. 7.	Ulietea	-1,52	209	42	54	208	25	22	208	25	22	1	17	32	0	5	10,1	18	10	0	0	0	0	0	0,0	0	21	92	70	29,	7
1778.
April 16.	Nootka	-7, 0	235	32	45	233	56	0	233	17	8	2	15	27	0	9	1,8	24	2	+0	28	42	0	2	34,8	5	20	65	41	30,	0
Oct. 14.	Samganoodha	-8, 8	197	44	15	193	12	35	193	31	20	4	12	55	0	16	51,6	30	15	-0	18	45	0	1	15,0	6	13	57	36	30,	15
1779.
Feb. 2.	Owhyhee	-9, 6	214	7	35	203	37	22	204	0	0	10	7	35	0	40	30,3	34	14	-0	22	38	0	1	30,5	3	27	88	70	29,	8
May 1.	Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Kamtschatka	T. K. stopt.	173	36	0	159	20	0	158	43	16	14	52	44	0	59	30,9	37	18	-0	36	44	0	2	16,9	3	4

I.	II.	III.	IV.
TIME.	PLACE.	Error of daily Rate.	Longitude by Greenwich Rate.
		ʺ	°	ʹ	ʺ
1776.
June 11.	Greenwich.	-1,21	0	0	0E.
Oct. 24.	Cape of Good Hope	-2,26	18	26	30
1777.
Feb. 22.	Queen Charlotte’s Sound, New Zealand	-2,91	175	25	0
May 7.	Annamooka	+0,52	186	13	26
June 7.	Annamooka	-0,54	186	8	28
July 1.	Tongataboo	-1,78	185	48	50
Sept. 1.	Otaheite	-1,54	211	41	26
Oct. 17.	Huaheine	-2,30	210	14	52
Nov. 7.	Ulietea	-1,52	209	42	54
1778.
April 16.	Nootka	-7, 0	235	32	45
Oct. 14.	Samganoodha	-8, 8	197	44	15
1779.
Feb. 2.	Owhyhee	-9, 6	214	7	35
May 1.	Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Kamtschatka	T. K. stopt.	173	36	0

I.	V.			VI.
TIME.	Longitude by new Rate.			True Longitude
	°	ʹ	ʺ	°	ʹ	ʺ
1776.
June 11.	0	0	0E.	0	0	0E.
Oct. 24.	18	23	15	+0	3	15
1777.
Feb. 22.	174	54	25	174	23	31
May 7.	186	13	15	185	11	18
June 7.	186	12	43	185	11	18
July 1.	184	53	0	184	55	18
Sept. 1.	210	39	8	210	22	28
Oct. 17.	208	50	24	208	52	24
Nov. 7.	208	25	22	208	25	22
1778.
April 16.	233	56	0	233	17	8
Oct. 14.	193	12	35	193	31	20
1779.
Feb. 2.	203	37	22	204	0	0
May 1.	159	20	0	158	43	16

I.	VII.			VIII.			IX.
TIME.	Accumulated Error By Greenwich Rate.						Length of Time.
TIME.	in Space.			in Time.			Length of Time.
	°	ʹ	ʺ	H.	ʹ	ʺ	M.	D.
1776.
June 11.
Oct. 24.	+0	3	15	0	0	13,0	4	23
1777.
Feb. 22.	1	1	29	0	4	5,3	9	4
May 7.	1	2	8	0	4	8,5	11	22
June 7.	0	57	10	0	3	48,6	12	25
July 1.	0	53	32	0	3	34,1	13	21
Sept. 1.	1	18	58	0	5	15,8	15	27
Oct. 17.	1	22	28	0	5	29,8	17	17
Nov. 7.	1	17	32	0	5	10,1	18	10
1778.
April 16.	2	15	27	0	9	1,8	24	2
Oct. 14.	4	12	55	0	16	51,6	30	15
1779.
Feb. 2.	10	7	35	0	40	30,3	34	14
May 1.	14	52	44	0	59	30,9	37	18

I.	X.			XI.
TIME.	Error by new Rate.
TIME.	in Space.			in Time.
	°	ʹ	ʺ	H.	ʹ	ʺ
1776.
June 11.
Oct. 24.	+0	3	15	0	0	13,0
1777.
Feb. 22.	+0	30	54	0	2	3,6
May 7.	+1	1	57	0	4	7,8
June 7.	+1	1	25	0	4	5,6
July 1.	-0	2	18	0	0	9,2
Sept. 1.	+0	16	40	0	1	6,6
Oct. 17.	-0	2	0	0	0	8,0
Nov. 7.	0	0	0	0	0	0,0
1778.
April 16.	+0	28	42	0	2	34,8
Oct. 14.	-0	18	45	0	1	15,0
1779.
Feb. 2.	-0	22	38	0	1	30,5
May 1.	-0	36	44	0	2	16,9

I.	XII.		XIII.		XIV.
TIME.	Length of Time		Thermometer.		Barometer.
			great.	least
			Height
	M.	D.
1776.
June 11.
Oct. 24.	4	23	84	63	30,	0
1777.
Feb. 22.	4	9	73	53	30,	0
May 7.	2	18	83	74	30,	1
June 7.	1	3	79	73	30,	15
July 1.	0	24	85	69	30,	15
Sept. 1.	2	6	90	70	30,	1
Oct. 17.	1	18	90¹⁄₂	72	29,	9
Nov. 7.	0	21	92	70	29,	7
1778.
April 16.	5	20	65	41	30,	0
Oct. 14.	6	13	57	36	30,	15
1779.
Feb. 2.	3	27	88	70	29,	8
May 1.	3	4

From this view of the time-keeper it appears, that, for near two years, it altered its rate very inconsiderably, and therefore, that its error, according to the Greenwich rate, if we had had no opportunities of correcting it, would have amounted only to 2¹⁄₄°. That afterward, at King George’s Sound, or Nootka, it was found to have varied exceedingly; of course, the longitude, by its Greenwich rate, was becoming considerably erroneous. About this time, it should be remarked, the thermometer was varying from 65° to 41°. The greatest alteration we ever observed in the watch was, during the three weeks we were cruizing to the north; in which interval, it gave the longitude of the East Cape with a difference of twenty-eight miles. I have marked the longitude of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, as given by the time-keeper, notwithstanding it stopped a few days before we arrived there; this I was enabled to do, from comparing the longitude it gave the day before it stopped, with that given by Mr. Bayley’s watch, and allowing for the error of the latter.

The use of so accurate a measure of time is sufficiently evident, from its furnishing in itself the means of approximating to the longitude at sea, as may be seen in the above table. But, besides this, we were enabled, by the same means, to give a degree of accuracy to the lunar observations, which they cannot otherwise pretend to; and, at the same time, by reducing a number of those observations to one time, obtain results approaching still nearer the truth. In surveying coasts, and ascertaining the true position of capes and head-lands, it reaches the utmost degree of practical exactness. On the other hand, it is to be observed, that lunar observations, in their turn, are absolutely necessary, in order to reap the greatest possible advantages from the time-keeper; since, by ascertaining the true longitude of places, they discover the error of its rate. The original observations, that were made in the course of this voyage, have been published by order of the board of longitude; and to those I must refer the reader, for his further information on this subject.

N. B.—The observatories were placed on the west side of the village of Saint Peter and Saint Paul.

Latitude deduced from meridian zenith distances of the sun, and of five stars to the south, and five to the north of the zenith	53°	0ʹ	38ʺ	north.

Longitude deduced from one hundred and forty-six sets of lunar observations	158°	43ʹ	16ʺ	east.

Longitude by time-keeper, according to its Greenwich rate	173°	36ʹ	0ʺ

Longitude by time-keeper, according to its rate found at Owhyhee	159°	20ʹ	0ʺ

Variation of the compass, by azimuths taken with three compasses, made by Knight, Gregory, and Martin	6°	18ʹ	40ʺ	east.

Dip of the north pole of the magnetic needle, being a mean of the observations taken in June and September	63°	5ʹ	0ʺ