LEECH BITES.
Form of wound, leeches in posterior nares, discharge of blood, mucus, sneezing, snorting, dysphagia, anorexia, unthriftiness, anæmia. Treatment, removal, sodium chloride, tar fumes, ether on sponge.
Though it more commonly attacks the mouth and lips yet the leech (Hirudo Decora) will sometimes fasten itself inside the nose when that is plunged in water. Its bite is to be recognized by its triangular shape. When taken in by the mouth it may fasten itself in the posterior nares where it is difficult to recognize its presence. In the anterior nares it can be readily discovered and removed, but in the posterior nares it may maintain its hold indefinitely. There appear in the nasal discharge streaks or clots of blood which may also show at the corners of the mouth. Sneezing, snorting, and difficulty of deglutition, may draw attention to the trouble, and in protracted cases signs of anæmia, inappetence, unthriftiness and general weakness. The most effective treatment is to remove the leech with the fingers, but as they cannot always be reached in this way, an injection of a strong solution of common salt may be used. Blaise succeeded by burning tar under the nose twice a day, and Louvigny by introducing a staff bearing a sponge soaked in ether.
COCCIDIAN CATARRH IN RABBITS.
Coccidia in rabbit’s nose, etc., inflammation, fatality. Treatment, sulphur dioxide.
Zurn describes a contagious catarrh of rabbits caused by the presence in the mucosa of the nose, pharynx, Eustachian tubes and middle ears of myriads of coccidia. They create acute irritation and prove fatal in many cases. Embedded in the mucosa they are difficult to reach with medicinal agents, yet the free parasites may be destroyed by frequent fumigations with sulphurous acid, or by spraying or injecting the nose with its solution.
LARVA OF ŒSTRUS OVIS (GRUB) IN THE NASAL SINUSES OF SHEEP.
Season of attack by fly, hibernation, botfly of sheep, mode of attack, embryo, defensive acts of sheep, habitat of larva, mature larva, its exit, chrysalis in soil, its transformation. Symptoms, sneezing, snuffling, rubbing of nose, lachrymation, unsteadiness, discharge, respiratory digestive and febrile disturbances, emaciation, septic action. Lesions, larva, congestions of mucosa, brain. Treatment, warmth, errhine, parasiticides, mechanical extractors, trephining, injections. Prevention, newly turned furrow, quicklime, tar. Other larva in nose.
Sheep are especially subject to the attacks, in summer and autumn and in warm sunny barns even in winter, of the Œstrus (Cephalemia) Ovis, the larva of which hibernates in the nasal sinuses or turbinated bones.
The sheep-bot-fly is only about four lines in length, of a light yellowish or slightly brownish gray hue, hairy, with dull black transverse lines on the upper surface of the thorax, and a lighter color on the abdomen where the black lines are more broken. The transparent, colorless wings extend beyond the body: winglets are long and cover the poisers: abdomen is formed of five rings.