By passing a feather up the nostril twisting it round and then withdrawing it some grubs can usually be withdrawn and there is no harm in first dipping the feather in some of the milder agents mentioned above. But the larvæ in the sinuses can never be reached in this way.
In dangerous cases it is best to trephine the outer plate of bone covering the frontal sinuse and wash out freely with tepid water, lime water, or benzine. The operation may be performed close in front of the root of the horn if there is one, or to the inner side of the lower part of the eye if there is not. A semi-circular flap of skin is to be turned upward and backward sufficiently large to allow the use of a trephine ⅓ inch in diameter, which is to be used as for Cœnurus Cerebralis. The opening being made the sinuse is to be syringed freely for some time until the parasites come from the nose in the stream of liquid. The wound heals very promptly. In the absence of a trephine use a gimlet.
Prevention. Some turn up a furrow in the pasturage, in which the sheep may burrow their noses and evade the fly, others lay down quicklime in covered boxes which has the further advantage of inducing sneezing and favoring expulsion of the entering parasites. But perhaps the best plan is to procure a log and bore a number of holes in it with a two inch augur; place salt in the holes and smear their margins with tar, and renew it often. The sheep then takes a protective dressing with every lick of salt.
Œstrus Purpureus (Brauer) is a species which infest the nose, etc., of the Syrian sheep, and Cephalemia Maculata (Wedl) one which infests the nasal chambers of the Egyptian buffalo and camel.
NASAL CATARRH IN DOG AND HORSE FROM LINGUATULA (PENTASTOMA) TAENIOIDES. RHINARIA TAENIOIDES.
Form. Family. Habitat when mature, and immature. Development. Symptoms, sneezing, discharge, irritability, ill-temper, shaking the head, rubbing nose, parasites in discharge. Treatment, injections, trephining. Prevention.
This parasite has a worm-like body, but is closely allied to the mites and belongs to the Arachnida. It differs from the mite in having but four short limbs retractile and protractile and furnished with sharp claws. The body is thickest toward the anterior end and prolonged and narrow posteriorly; marked by about 90 rings; head rounded off abruptly, mouth broadly open, with a horny lip; integument with numerous openings or stigmata (respiratory); male 7 lines long by a line broad in its anterior part genital orifice on the front part of the abdomen in the median line; female 3 to 4 inches long, by 3 or 4 lines broad anteriorly; genital opening at the end of the tail. Reproduction oviparous.
Habitat. Nasal chambers and sinuses of the dog, wolf, goat, and horse.
Pentastoma Denticulata. The young partially developed P. Taenioides. Has all the rings except the two first, garnished with fine sharp recurved spines; legs more slender with accessory booklets; length 2 lines; breadth ½ line.
Habitat. Cysts in the lungs, liver, mesenteric glands, etc., of the hare, porpoise, goat, sheep and other mammals, not excepting man.