Described by Jewsejenke in the lower lid of birds, this is manifested by small, hard round knots, covered by bluish red, or yellowish red skin, and when incised showing a characteristic miliary tubercle, with bacilli and sometimes a caseated centre. It is treated by incision, curretting and caustics.
TURNED IN EYELASH. TRICHIASIS.
Sometimes an eyelash grows inward so as to impinge upon the front of the eyeball, or even to extend between this and the eyelid. The condition exists in entropion but trichiasis is rather the deviation of one or two cilia by reason of their false direction, individually. It may occur as the result of a pre-existing inflammation affecting the edge of the lid and the follicle, and the offending hair is not only badly directed but small and shrunken as well. On this account it is not always easy to recognize it, and accordingly in cases of conjunctivitis without apparent cause it is well to examine carefully with the aid of oblique focal illumination.
Treatment consists in pulling out the offending hair with ciliary forceps, avoiding bending it lest it break off short and become at once more irritating and more difficult of extraction. In case the hair grows anew in the same direction extract it anew and destroy its root with the electric cautery.
ENTROPION. TURNING IN OF THE EYELID.
In foals, puppies, hounds, with narrow fissure, and conjunctivitis, or tarsitis. Permanent bandaging, orbicularis spasm. Symptoms: disappearance of tarsus and lashes by involution. Treatment: in spasm fix by plaster; suture skin; excise elliptical section of skin and suture edges together. Release cicatrices.
Inversion of the eyelid or a portion of it, with consequent trichiasis, conjunctivitis and lachrymation has been met with congenitally in foals (Aubry, Bourdeau, Hamon) and puppies (Cadiot, Almy). Hounds have especially suffered. In the older animals it is largely determined by abnormally narrow fissure, and by old standing disease of the conjunctiva or tarsus, with cicatricial contraction or adhesion. Persistent bandaging turns in the cilia and contributes to entropion. Finally a persistent spasm of the orbicularis muscle may bring it about.
Symptoms. Trichiasis is usually, though not always, present.
In any case the tarsus is turned inward so as to press upon the front of the bulb, or even to disappear completely. Thickening and distortion of the lid is a not infrequent condition.
Treatment. In case of simple spasm clip or shave the hairs from the lid corresponding to the lesion, and close to the tarsus attach a strip of plaster. When firmly adherent draw it sufficiently to efface the entropion and attach it to the skin of the face.