[7]. Danzon. Études Expérimentale et Cliniques sur la Tuberculose, vol. i. p. 350.
Jersey cattle in their native island, staked out at pasture all the year round, show little or no tuberculosis, whereas the housed Jerseys of England and America suffer severely. The cattle of our Gulf Coast States, kept on ranches in the open air, are largely immune, and the cattle of Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, and the Argentine Republic largely escape; but the housed dairy cows of our Southern cities show a very high ratio of consumptives. Consumption becomes more and more deadly in the Southern negro even in the country localities, while the outdoor cattle of the same districts escape.
The absence of tuberculosis from the sanitarium herd at Saranac requires to be explained on a different basis. This herd is housed in winter, and infection, once introduced, would have opportunity to spread. The absence of tuberculosis is highly complimentary to the management of the establishment. But a similar immunity is the rule for all well-managed sanitariums, and not as regards cattle only, but man as well. At Argeles no case of tuberculosis contagion to attendants occurred in ten years (Ferrand). At Soden baths, in a village of 1500, there were in thirty-four years 65 deaths, 15 from consumption (Hopt). At Falkenstein, in fifteen years, one attendant became tuberculous (Jousset). At Görbersdorf the cases of consumption in the village and environs decreased (Knopf). At Brompton, London, in thirty-six years, among 150 attendants, but one became consumptive, though they individually served for from fifteen to twenty-four years, and nearly 40,000 patients had been received.[[8]] A well-conducted sanitarium is and should be a safer place than the average community, in which 15 per cent. and upward are tuberculous. The educational influence of such an institution should decrease tuberculosis in the surrounding districts.
[8]. Études Expérimentale et Cliniques sur la Tuberculose, vol. iii. p. 408.
Cases of Direct Infection from Man to Ox. Chauveau induced tuberculosis in cattle by feeding the tubercle from the lungs of man.[[9]]
[9]. Arloing. Tuberculosis Congress of 1891.
Nocard relates that a Beauce farmer, with a finely appointed stable and healthy herd, in 1883 employed a dairyman who had cough, profuse expectoration, and occasional hæmoptysis, and who had been several times in the hospital in consequence. He slept in the cow stable directly over the cows. In 1886 two cows, stalled immediately beneath him, showed ill health and were put up to fatten, but did badly and showed extensive tuberculosis when butchered. The dairyman stayed until 1891, having to go to the hospital several times in the interval. In 1892 the tuberculin test was applied and seven more cows were found to be tuberculous.
Huon tells of a cow bought to furnish milk for calves used to raise vaccine. She stood the tuberculin test, and was carefully secluded from all other cattle, but soon began to fall off, and in six months was very much emaciated, responded to the tuberculin test, and when killed showed extensive tuberculosis. Her caretaker at the vaccine establishment had what was believed to be chronic bronchitis, but when he died, soon after, this was found to be extensive pulmonary tuberculosis.
Bollinger inoculated a three-months’ calf with liquid from human tubercle and killed it seven months later. Fibroid pedunculated tumors, from a pea to a walnut in size, hung from the mesentery and spleen, and the mesenteric and retroperitoneal glands were tubercular.[[10]]
[10]. Münchener medicinische Wochenschrift, 1894.