The swelling of the nostrils may be so great that it becomes requisite to hold them open mechanically. The suture of the two altogether, across above the nose has been practiced, or a tube of light wood or aluminum can be inserted in each nostril.
Injection of the trachea and bronchia with a solution of iodine 1 part, potassium iodide 5 parts, and water 100 or 200 parts, was advocated by Dieckerhoff and met with a fair measure of success in mild cases. In some cases, however, granular tracheitis and bronchitis followed, and in others necrotic tracheitis and pulmonary gangrene, so that the method has not been widely accepted. If resorted to, the weaker solution is to be preferred, and may be injected through a tracheal ring, or the membrane between two rings twice a day in doses of 3 to 5 centigrammes (45 to 75 drops).
Injection into the veins of Argentum Colloidale, 1 per cent solution in doses of 1⅔ oz. (50 grammes) at intervals of 2 hours has been very strongly advocated by Dieckerhoff who in four successive cases had complete recoveries in from three to six days. After disinfection of the skin a small trochar and cannula, or a hypodermic needle is introduced into the jugular and the injection made. Local treatment for the swellings was also applied.
Injection subcutem of the antistreptococcic serum of Marmorec, has been lauded as promptly overcoming the capillary dilatation, and enabling the leucocytes to neutralize the toxins.
Finally Menveux recommends an artificial compound as possessing all the good qualities of the antistreptococcic serum. This is composed of sodium chloride 5 grammes, sodium phosphate 1 gramme, sodium sulphate 20 centigrammes, sodium carbonate 1 gramme, caffein chlorhydrate 10 grammes, boiled filtered water 100 grammes. Inject daily in three doses 135 grammes.
PETECHIAL FEVER IN CATTLE.
Synonyms. Causes: microbes, maturity, hard work, chill, poor hygiene, drying of damp lands in summer and autumn, impermeable soils, corrupt water, bacillus, diplococcus; resemblance to hæmorrhagic septicæmia. Lesions: petechiæ and hæmorrhages on mucosæ, serosæ and skin; gelatinoid exudates gravitating to the lowest parts of face, chest, belly and legs; chaps, oozing, sloughs, depilation, exudate in tongue, bloody diarrhœa, duration 14 to 40 days, mortality light; indurations. Diagnosis: from anthrax, black quarter, malignant œdema and acute hæmorrhagic septicæmia. Prevention: avoid infecting soils in summer and autumn; drainage, cultivation; chills. Treatment: venesection: laxatives, diuretics: intratracheal injections of iodine: colloidal silver. Locally: antiseptic astringents: remove eschars: facilitate breathing by surgical or mechanical means: good hygiene.
Synonyms. Purpura Hæmorrhagica. Anasarca. Inflammatory Œdema. Yellow Water. Morbus Maculosus.
This malady presents phenomena very similar to those found in the horse, and shows itself in mild and severe types. It has been noted by writers on diseases of cattle from Vegetius down, though under quite a variety of names.
Causes. These are uncertain, though much seems to point to microbian invasion or intoxication by microbian poisons. In France, it has been seen mainly in mature and robust working oxen after a hard day’s work, when the animal has had time to cool off. Also in cows used in the yoke and milked at the same time. Poor food, starvation and low condition have also been cited as causes. In other cases, high feeding and plethora have been incriminated. It shows itself most commonly in summer and autumn, so that cold or chill must be looked on as a cause secondary to another—probably microbian or toxic. Again, it is by far the most common in the adult animal. What is more suggestive is its relative frequency in localities characterized by swamps, springy fields, hollow basins, damp hill-foots, bottom lands, and damp, impermeable or undrained soils. Again, on heavy clays where the water is preserved through summer in open ponds and often in a very corrupt condition. This at once accounts for its common appearance in summer and autumn when the offensive products of fermentation are most abundant, and corroborates the doctrine of a toxic ferment. But its origin has not been definitely traced to such products as yet. This, notwithstanding that Kolb attributes it to bacillus hæmorrhagicus, and Robert, Fabert, and Dinter found the exudates swarming with diplococci. This may assimilate it to septicæmia hæmorrhagica.