In stallions, glanderous, caseating foci in the testicle and dropsy of the scrotum are common, while mares may have similar formations in the mammary glands or ulcers of the vaginal or uterine mucosa.
Infiltrations of the joints and other synovial cavities are not uncommon and glanderous infiltration of the bones with caries is also found. In chronic cases, fragility of the bone is marked, and the blood contains an excess of leucocytes. These may be traced to disease of the bone marrow, as well as of the spleen and lymphatic system.
GLANDERS IN SWINE.
The healthy, vigorous pig is practically immune. Experimental inoculations have uniformly failed to produce the disease. Exception must be made when inoculation is made into the aqueous humor, in which there is comparatively little resistance by leucocytes. Sacharoff succeeded in giving the disease in a fatal form to a young pig in this way. To weak and debilitated pigs, on the other hand, the disease may be conveyed as shown by Spinola, and Cadeac and Malet. The symptoms were engorgement of the tissues in the seat of inoculation with the formation of glanderous nodules, which undergo molecular degeneration and ulceration; swelling of the lymph vessels extending from the infected point, and of the adjacent lymph glands; the formation of glander nodules in the lungs, liver and spleen, and of nodules and ulcers on the nasal mucosa.
GLANDERS IN SHEEP AND GOAT.
Casual glanders is uncommon in the small ruminants, yet it has been seen in goats that fed on the soiled provender left by glandered horses (Ercolani, Trasbot, Mesnard). Sheep have suffered after inoculation (Renault, Bonley, Gerlach, Bollinger, Croker, Peuch, Galtier) showing nodules and ulcerous swellings in the seat of inoculation, with extension in some cases to the nasal mucosa and lungs, and a fatal result. In other cases the lesions remain localized and the disease progresses to recovery.
GLANDERS OF RODENTS: RABBIT, GUINEA-PIG, MOUSE, RAT.
The Guinea-pig is especially susceptible, and like the rabbit and mouse may contract the disease by eating the soiled fodder of glandered horses. It is usually selected for inoculation for diagnostic purposes, because in the male, the insertion of the virus in the peritoneum determines a rapid swelling of the testicle and cord, with a glistening, violet engorgement and tension of the scrotum, suppurative adenitis and death in three to six days. In other situations the inoculated part swells rapidly and ulcerates, the adjacent lymph glands become swollen and tender, similar lesions form in other parts and notably in the nose which discharges profusely a whitish, sticky fluid, the breathing is hurried, and emaciation is marked. Death occurs in a few days and ulcers, and abscesses are found in the lungs and other internal organs, as well as in the nose. In less susceptible subjects or under smaller doses of the virus the local swelling and ulceration in the seat of inoculation are slight, but there persist engorgements of the adjacent lymph glands, swelling (cording) of the lymph vessels adjacent, and nodules and abscesses, (cutaneous, subcutaneous, intermuscular, intravisceral), arthritis, emaciation, dyspnœa and death in two to four months. In some cases with a very small dose of the poison, there is no local swelling, and no generalization nor subsequent manifestation of the disease.
In the rabbit the lesions are less certain and often less marked. There is sometimes no swelling in the seat of inoculation, in the neighboring lymph glands, nor elsewhere, and the rodent might have been supposed to have escaped, only that successful inoculation of the ass may be made from the tissues inoculated (Galtier). In such a case a certain immunity of the rabbit must be inferred. In less resistant rabbits, or with a larger dose, an ulcerous swelling forms in the seat of inoculation, the adjacent lymph glands become engorged or even purulent, corded lymphatics intervene, and nodules and caseous degenerations appear in the lungs, nose, spleen, liver, and other organs.
The hedgehog, ground squirrel, the field mouse, house mouse, mole have been successfully inoculated.