[16] Jagat (north latitude 22° 15′; east longitude 69° 1′), the site of the temple of Dwárka, at the western extremity of the peninsula of Káthiáváḍa. [↑]
[17] Verával (north latitude 20° 55′; east longitude 70° 21′), on the south-west coast of Káthiáváḍa. On the south-east point of Verával bay stood the city of Dev or Mungi Pátan and within its walls the temple of Somanátha. [↑]
[18] Jehángír’s Memoirs, Persian Text, 23; Blochman’s Áin-i-Akbari, I. 470. Bahádur died about a.d. 1614: Jehángír’s Memoirs, 134. [↑]
[19] Now belonging to His Highness the Gáikwár about twenty-seven miles north-west of Áhmedábád. [↑]
[20] Belpár, belonging to the Thákor of Umeta in the Rewa Kántha. [↑]
[21] This Mándwa is probably the Mándwa under His Highness the Gáikwár in his district of Atarsumba, but it may be Mándwa on the Narbada in the Rewa Kántha. Atarsumba is about ten miles west of Kapadvanj in the British district of Kaira. [↑]
[22] Jehángír’s Memoirs, Persian Text, 75. [↑]
[23] Now belonging to the Rája of Dharampur, east of the British district of Surat. [↑]
[24] In this year (a.d. 1611) the English East India Company sent vessels to trade with Surat. The Portuguese made an armed resistance, but were defeated. The Mughal commander, who was not sorry to see the Portuguese beaten, gave the English a warm reception, and in a.d. 1612–13 a factory was opened in Surat by the English, and in a.d. 1614 a fleet was kept in the Tápti under Captain Downton to protect the factory. In a.d. 1615, Sir Thomas Roe came as ambassador to the emperor Jehángír, and obtained permission to establish factories, not only at Surat but also at Broach, Cambay and Gogha. The factory at Gogha seems to have been established in a.d. 1613. The emperor Jehángír notes in his memoirs (Persian Text, 105) that Mukarrab Khán, viceroy from a.d. 1616–1618, regardless of cost had bought from the English at Gogha a turkey, a lemur and other curiosities. On his return from Jehángír’s camp at Áhmedábád in January 1618 Roe obtained valuable concessions from the viceroy. The governor of Surat was to lend ships to the English, the resident English might carry arms, build a house, practise their religion, and settle their disputes. Kerr’s Voyages, IX. 253. The Dutch closely followed the English at Surat and were established there in a.d. 1618. [↑]
[25] At first Jehángír, who reached Áhmedábád in the hot weather (March a.d. 1618), contented himself with abusing its sandy streets, calling the city the ‘abode of dust’ gardábád. After an attack of fever his dislike grew stronger, and he was uncertain whether the ‘home of the simoom’ samumistán, the ‘place of sickness’ bímáristán, the ‘thorn brake’ zakumdár, or ‘hell’ jahánnamábád, was its most fitting name. Even the last title did not satisfy his dislike. In derision he adds the verse, ‘Oh essence of all goodnesses by what name shall I call thee.’ Elliot’s History of India, VI. 358; Jehángír’s Memoirs Persian Text, 231. Of the old buildings of Áhmedábád, the emperor (Memoirs, Persian Text, 208–210) speaks of the Kánkariya tank and its island garden and of the royal palaces in the Bhadar as having nearly gone to ruin within the last fifty years. He notes that his Bakhshi had repaired the Kánkariya tank and that the viceroy Mukarrab Khán had partly restored the Bhadar palaces against his arrival. The emperor was disappointed with the capital. After the accounts he had heard it seemed rather poor with its narrow streets, its shops with ignoble fronts, and its dust, though to greet the emperor as he came on elephant-back scattering gold the city and its population had put on their holiday dress. The emperor speaks (Memoirs, Persian Text page 211) of having met some of the great men of Gujarát. Chief among these was Sayad Muhammad Bukhári the representative of Sháhi Álam and the sons of Sháh Wajíh-ud-dín of Áhmedábád. They came as far as Cambay to meet the emperor. After his arrival in the capital Jehángír with great kindness informally visited the house and garden of Sikandar Gujaráti the author of the Mirăt-i-Sikandari, to pick some of the author’s famous figs off the trees. Jehángír speaks of the historian as a man of a refined literary style well versed in all matters of Gujarát history, who six or seven years since had entered his (the imperial) service (Memoirs, 207–211). On the occasion of celebrating Sháh Jehán’s twenty-seventh birthday at Áhmedábád Jehángír records having granted the territory from Mándu to Cambay as the estate of his son Sháh Jehán (Prince Khurram). Memoirs, Persian Text, 210–211. Before leaving Gujarát the emperor ordered the expulsion of the Sevadas or Jain priests, because of a prophecy unfavourable to him made by Mán Sing Sewda (Memoirs, Persian Text, 217). [↑]