[36] Mirăt-i-Áhmedi Persian Text, 249. [↑]
[37] Mirăt-i-Áhmedi, Persian Text, 274, 279. [↑]
[38] Ráygad (north latitude 18° 14′; east longitude 73° 30′), the name given in a.d. 1662 to Rairi, a hill fortress in the Mahád sub-division of the Kolába collectorate. Shiváji took the place and made it his capital in a.d. 1662. [↑]
[39] Janjira (north latitude 17° 59′ to 18° 32′) that is Jazírah the Island, on the western coast, about forty-four miles south of Bombay. [↑]
[40] Another post of Islámábád was at Punádra in the parganah of Ázamábád on the Wátrak about twenty-one miles east-south-east of Áhmedábád. Ázamábád was built by Ázam Khán during his viceroyalty (a.d. 1635–1642) and at his request by permission of the emperor Sháh Jehán was erected into a parganah. For the pay of the garrison twelve villages were attached from the neighbouring parganahs of Bahyal and Kapadvanj. [↑]
[41] The Mirăt-i-Áhmedi (Persian Text, 311) adds that Bahlol’s following of Kasbátis was so poorly equipped that he had to mount many of them, for whom he could not find horses, on bullocks. The sense of security in the mind of the Ídar chief bred by contempt at the sight of this motley crowd was the chief cause of Bahlol’s success. [↑]
[42] The zakát or purification is the tax required by law to be given annually to the poor. It is levied on camels, oxen, buffaloes, sheep, goats, horses, asses, mules, and gold or silver whether in money or ornaments or vessels. The tax is not levied on any one who owns less than a minimum of five camels, thirty oxen, forty-five sheep, five horses, two hundred dirhems or twenty dinárs. The proportion to income is generally one-fortieth; the amount may be paid either in kind or in money. Compare Stanley Lane Poole’s Arabian Society in the Middle Ages, 14. [↑]
[43] This Sámprah according to the Mirăt-i-Áhmedi, Persian Text, II. 127, was a small police post or thána in Parganah Bahyal, twenty miles north-east of Áhmedábád. It is now in the Gáekwár’s territory. Bahyal was under Pátan, so in the text the place is described as under Pátan. [↑]
[44] The surkh or little black-dotted red seed of the Abrus precatorius is called ghúngchi in Hindi and cock’s-eye, chashmi-i-khurús, in Persian. As a weight the seed is known as a rati 96 going to the tola. It is used in weighing precious stones. Blochmann’s Áin-i-Akbari, I. 16 note 1 and Mirăt-i-Áhmedi Persian Text, 366. [↑]
[45] Sinor in Baroda territory on the right bank of the Narbada about thirty miles south of Baroda. [↑]