[18] Sir Henry Elliot (History of India, I. 403) locates Surabáya somewhere near Surat. The mouth of the Tápti is still known in Surat as the Bára. [↑]
[19] Ibni Haukal (Muhammad Abul Kásim) a native of Baghdád, left that city in H. 331 (a.d. 943), returned to it H. 358 (a.d. 968), and finished his work about H. 366 (a.d. 976). Sir Henry Elliot’s History of India, I. 31. [↑]
[21] Sir Henry Elliot (History of India, I. 363) correctly takes Fámhal to be a misreading for Anhal that is Anhilwára. Al Bírúni (a.d. 970–1039) uses the name Anhilwára without any Arab peculiarity of transliteration or pronunciation. Sachau’s Arabic Text, 100. Al Idrísi (end of the eleventh century) styles Anhilwára “Nahrwára” (Elliot, I. 84) an equally well known name. [↑]
[22] Sir Henry Elliot’s History of India, I. 34. [↑]
[23] M. Gildemeister’s Latin translation of Ibni Haukal’s Ashkál-ul-Bilád (Sir Henry Elliot’s History of India, I. 39). [↑]
[24] Abu Rihán Al Bírúni was a native of Balkh in Central Asia. He accompanied Mahmúd of Ghazni to India in his expeditions and acquired an accurate knowledge of Sanskrit. His acquaintance with this language and Greek and his love of enquiry and research together with his fairness and impartiality, make his Indica a most valuable contribution to our information on India in the end of the tenth and beginning of the eleventh centuries. He finished his work after the death of his patron in a.d. 1030–31. See Sachau’s Preface to the Arabic Text of the Indica, ix. [↑]
[25] Al Bírúni makes his farsakh of four miles. Sachau’s Arabic Text, 97. [↑]
[26] Sir Henry Elliot’s translation and transliteration of Rahanjúr (History of India, I. 61) are, be it said with all respect to the memory of that great scholar, inaccurate. He cannot make anything of the word (note 3) while in the Arabic Text of Sachau (page 100) the first letter is a plain ر = r and not د = d. From the context also the ancient town of Rándir seems to be meant. It is plainly written (رهنجور) Rahanjúr and is very likely the copyist’s mistake for the very similar form رهندور or Ráhandúr. [↑]
[27] Sachau’s Arabic Text of Al Bírúni, 98 and Sir Henry Elliot’s History of India, I. 61. [↑]