The Christian Literature Co.

Printed by

J. J. Little & Co., New York, U. S. A.

CONTENTS.

[Bibliography] . . . xi

[CHAP. I.]—Introductory—Outline of Study.—Problem of the Crusades.—Outline of Preliminary Study . . . [1]

[CHAP. II.]—State of Society—Ignorance—Dulness of Life—Superstition—Low Sense of Justice—Cruelty—Taste for War.—Sporadic Culture—Great Men.—Budding Art.—Ignorance—Few Industries—Degradation.—Narrow Limitation of Life.—Superstition.—Laws—Private Combat—The Ordeal.—Hardness of Manners—Brutality.—Cruelties.—Love of War.—Cruelty of Greeks . . . [6]

[CHAP. III.]—Chivalry—Rules—Education of Knight—Ceremonies—Influence on Character.—Rules of Chivalry.—Rites.—Defects . . . [26]

[CHAP. IV.]—The Feudal System—General Principles—Influence on People.—Minute Subdivision of Europe.—Baronial Independence.—Bondage of the Masses.—Communes.—Feudalism and the Crusades . . . [32]

[CHAP. V.]—The Impoverished Condition of Europe.—Pauperism at Home.—Plenty Abroad . . . [40]