2d. Table land, including the territory lying south of the Serra Nigro, and lying adjacent to Campinas, Lemeira, Rio Clara, Araraquara, Brotas, Jahu, and Botacatu.
The best purple soil (terra rocha) is here in close proximity to the poorest light sandy plains, and, while the latter are unproductive, the former are considered the most favorable for coffee and all the standard staples of the country.
3d. Mixed land, including the territory lying between the former and the Serra da Cubitão, and lying adjacent to Jundiahi, São Paulo, Itu, Porto Feliz, Sorocaba, Itapetininga, and Paranapanema.
Extensive grass plains are intermixed with forests of light land, and occasionally dark soil.
The former very suitable for grazing stock, and the latter are giving very favorable results in the culture of cotton and corn.
4th. River land, including the territory lying upon the upper waters of the Ribeira de Ignape, and its tributaries from each side, and being adjacent to Inquia, Iporanga and Xiririca.
Forest land prevails here exclusively, having for the most part a dark soil with a yellow clay base. Corn, rice and sugar-cane have been the principal products, yet this region is well adapted to the growth of tobacco, cotton and coffee.
In all of these sections, the different tropical fruits, oranges, bananas, pine-apples, &c., grow to great advantage.
The hoe is alone used in the culture of the land, and only three plows were seen in the entire province. The introduction of the plow is likely to improve the agricultural operations, and may serve to eradicate that great pest of the planter, the ant. It is especially needed in the preparation of the soil for cotton, and the increasing importance of that crop is apparent.
Pack-mules are the reliance for transportation of product to market, from section second and third, for the present. But a railroad line is expected to be in operation soon, which will be available for a portion of each of these sections. It runs from Santos to Jundiahi, eighty-five miles.