Small filters for limited amounts of water may be bought in the market, or may be improvised and set up for officers or company messes. Figs. 108-110, [Pl. X], are given as suggestions; they serve as strainers in any case. If used intermittently they may have a high sanitary value, and if made up partly of either animal or wood charcoal they remove more or less completely any offensive taste or odor which water may have. Security, however, requires doubtful water to be boiled.
In all cases arrangements should be made to protect the water from surface pollution, for convenient access for the men, and for watering horses.
(See the following books, treating on Military Hygiene in Camp and Garrison: Parker’s Practical Hygiene; Traité d’Hygiène Militaire, Morache; Manuel d’Hygiène militaire, Viry; Military Hygiene, Woodhull; the Soldier’s Pocket-book, Wolseley; etc., etc.)
Part II.
MILITARY MINING, BLASTING, AND DEMOLITION.
CHAPTER I.
NOMENCLATURE AND THEORY.
1. Military Mining includes all the operations necessary for placing charges of explosive underground and exploding them at the time desired, for the purpose of destroying the men, materials, or works in their vicinity, or for breaking up the surface of the ground either to advance or retard the operations of a siege.
The excavation for receiving the charge is called the chamber. The approaches leading to the chamber when horizontal or somewhat inclined are called galleries, and when vertical are known as shafts. When very steep they are sometimes called slopes. The charge, chamber, and approaches taken together constitute a mine.
The pit formed by the explosion is called the crater.