CALENDAR HISTORY OF THE KIOWA INDIANS
BY
JAMES MOONEY

Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1895-96, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1898, pages 129—444

CONTENTS

Page
[Introduction][141]
[Age of aboriginal American records][141]
[Aboriginal American calendars][141]
[The Walam Olum of the Delawares][142]
[The Dakota calendars][142]
[Other tribal records][142]
[The Kiowa calendars][143]
[The Annual calendars of Dohásän, Poläñ´yi-katón, Set-t'an, and Anko][143]
[The Anko monthly calendar][145]
[Comparative importance of events recorded][145]
[Method of fixing dates][146]
[Scope of the memoir][147]
[Acknowledgments][147]
[Sketch of the Kiowa tribe][148]
[Tribal synonymy][148]
[Tribal sign][150]
[Linguistic affinity][150]
[Tribal names][152]
[Genesis and migration][152]
[Early alliance with the Crows][155]
[The associated Kiowa Apache][156]
[The historical period][156]
[Possession of the Black Hills][156]
[The extinct K'úato][157]
[Intercourse with the Arikara, Mandan, and Hidatsa][158]
[Recollections of other northern tribes][160]
[Acquirement of horses][160]
[Intercourse and war with the Comanche][161]
[Peace with the Comanche][162]
[Confederation of the two tribes][164]
[Neutral attitude of New Mexicans][165]
[Relations_with_other_southern_tribes][165]
[First_official_American_notices_1805_1807][165]
[Explanation of "Aliatan" and "Tetau"][167]
[Unsuccessful overtures of the_Dakota][167]
[Smallpox epidemic of 1816][168]
[The Kiowa in 1820][168]
[The Osage massacre and the dragoon expedition, 1833—34][168]
[The treaty of 1837][169]
[Catlin's observations in 1834][171]
[Traders among the Kiowa][171]
[First visit to Fort Gibson][172]
[Smallpox epidemic of 1839—40—Peace with the Cheyenne and Arapaho][172]
[Texan Santa Fé expedition][172]
[Cholera epidemic of 1849][173]
[Fort Atkinson treaty in 1853][173]
[Depredations in Mexico—Mexican captives][173]
[Defeat of allied tribes by Sauk and Fox, 1854][174]
[Hostile drift of the Kiowa][175]
[Defiant speech of Dohásän][175]
[Smallpox epidemic of 1861—62][176]
[Indian war on the plains, 1864][176]
[Vaccination among the plains tribes—Set-t'aiñte][177]
[The little Arkansas treaty in 1865][178]
[Death of Dohásän][180]
[Kiowa raids continued][181]
[The treaty of Medicine Lodge, 1867, and its results][181]
[Renewed hostilities][186]
[Battle of the Washita—Removal to the reservation][187]
[Further insolence of the Kiowa—Raids into Texas][188]
[Intertribal peace council, 1872][190]
[Joint delegation to Washington, 1872][190]
[Thomas C. Battey, first teacher among the Kiowa, 1872][193]
[Report of Captain Alvord][193]
[Release of Set-t'aiñte and Big-tree, 1873][195]
[Haworth's administration, 1873—78][197]
[First school established by Battey][198]
[The outbreak of 1874—75][199]
[Causes of the dissension][199]
[The Comanche medicine-man][201]
[Apache and Arapaho friendliness][202]
[Further defiance][202]
[Battle of Adobe Walls][203]
[Friendlies collected at Fort Sill][203]
[Fight at Anadarko, the Wichita agency][204]
[Set-t'aiñte][206]
[Progress of the campaign][210]
[Surrender of the Cheyenne][212]
[Prisoners sent to Florida][213]
[The Germaine family][213]
[Surrender of the Comanche][214]
[Proposition to deport hostile tribes][214]
[Kicking-bird][216]
[Changed conditions][218]
[Epidemics of measles and fever in 1877—First houses built][218]
[Agency removed to Anadarko—The last of the buffalo][218]
[Threatened outbreak instigated by Dátekâñ][219]
[Epidemic of 1882—Beginning of church work][219]
[Leasing of grass lands][219]
[Pá-iñgya, the medicine man and prophet][220]
[Indian court established][220]
[Intertribal council of 1888][221]
[Death of Sun-boy—The last sun dance][221]
[Ghost dance inaugurated—Äpiatañ's journey in 1890][221]
[Enlistment of Indians as soldiers][223]
[Measles epidemic of 1892—Grass lands leased][223]
[Commission for allotment of lands—Protest against decision][224]
[Present condition—Agents in charge of confederate tribes][225]
[Summary of principal events][226]
[Sociology of the Kiowa][227]
[Absence of the clan system][227]
[Local divisions][227]
[Subtribes][227]
[The camp circle][228]
[Military organization—Yä`´pähe warriors][229]
[Heraldic system][230]
[Name system][231]
[Marriage][231]
[Tribal government][233]
[Character][233]
[Population][235]
[Religion of the Kiowa][237]
[Scope of their belief][237]
[The sun][237]
[Objects of religious veneration][238]
[Tribal medicines of other Indians][242]
[The sun dance][242]
[The Nadíisha-dena or Kiowa Apache][245]
[Tribal synonymy][245]
[Tribal sign][246]
[Origin and history][246]
[First official American notice][251]
[Treaties][251]
[Delegation to Washington, 1872—Friendly disposition][251]
[Progress toward civilization—Death of Pacer, 1875][252]
[Recent history and present condition][252]
[Population][253]
[The annual calendars, 1833—1892][254]
[1832—33.]Money captured from American traders[254]
[1833.]Massacre by the Osage and capture of the taíme—Pedestrian war parties—Beheading[257]
[1833—34.]Meteoric display[260]
[1834.]Dragoon expedition—First official intercourse—Trade established[261]
[1834—35.]Bull-tail killed by Mexicans[269]
[1835.]Cat-tail rush sun dance—Capture of Bóiñ-edal and Cynthia Parker[270]
[1835—36.]Big-face or Wolf-hair killed in Mexico[270]
[1836.]Wolf creek sun dance—Kiñep visit Crows—Battle with Cheyenne[271]
[1836—37.]K`iñähíate killed in Mexico[271]
[1837.]Cheyenne massacred on upper Red river[271]
[1837—38.]Head-dragging winter[272]
[1838.]Kiowa and allies defeat Cheyenne and Arapaho[273]
[1838—39.]Battle with the Arapaho[273]
[1839.]Peninsula sun dance[274]
[1839—40.]Smallpox ravages the plains tribes[274]
[1840.]Red-bluff sun dance—Peace with Cheyenne and Arapaho[275]
[1840—41.]Hide-quiver war expedition—Expeditions against Mexico[276]
[1841.]Pawnee massacred on the South Canadian[276]
[1841—42.]Encounter with Texan Santa Fé expedition—´dalhabä´k`ia killed[277]
[1842.]Repeated sun dance[279]
[1842—43.]Crow-neck died[280]
[1843.]Nest-building sun dance—Encounter with Texans[280]
[1843—44.]Woman stabbed—Raid into Mexico—Trading post on South Canadian[280]
[1844.]Dakota sun dance—Dakota visit Kiowa[281]
[1844—45.]Great expedition against Mexico—Ä´tahá-ik`i killed[282]
[1845.]Stone necklace sun dance[283]
[1845—46.]Bent establishes trading post on South Canadian.—Allison's post on the Arkansas[283]
[1846.]Págunhéñte initiated—The Ka´itséñk`ia[283]
[1846—47.]Mustache-shooting winter—Fight with the Pawnee[285]
[1847.]Fight with the Santa Fé traders; Red-sleeve killed[286]
[1847—48.]Camp on upper South Canadian[287]
[1848.]Kâ´itséñko initiated[287]
[1848—49.]Antelope drive on the Arkansas; the ceremonies[287]
[1849.]Cholera on the plains—Treaty negotiations postponed[289]
[1849—50.]Fight with the Pawnee—The scalp dance[290]
[1850.]Chinaberry sun dance on Beaver creek[292]
[1850—51.]Tañgíapa killed in Mexico[292]
[1851.]Dusty sun dance—Treachery of the Pawnee[293]
[1851—52.]Woman elopes and is frozen—"Stealing" a woman[294]
[1852.]Allied tribes defeated by Pawnee—Iron-shirt killed[294]
[1852—53.]Race horse stolen by Pawnee boy[295]
[1853.]Showery sun dance—Taíme sacrilege[295]
[1853—54.]Raid into Mexico, Päñgyägíate killed[296]
[1854.]Medicine-lodge creek sun dance—Confederated tribes defeated by Sauk and Fox[297]
[1854—55.]Gyaí`koaóñte killed by the Älähó[299]
[1855.]Sitting summer; horses worn out[300]
[1855—56.]Big-head kills an Älähó—Raid into Mexico[300]
[1856.]Prickly-pear sun dance[301]
[1856—57.]Tipis seized by the Cheyenne[301]
[1857.]Forked-stick-sprouting sun dance—Expeditions against El Paso and the Sauk—Story of the ä´poto[301]
[1857—58.]Horses stolen by the Pawnee[305]
[1858.]Timber-circle sun dance[305]
[1858—59.]Gúi-k`áte killed by Mexicans—Expedition against the Ute[306]
[1859.]Cedar-bluff sun dance[306]
[1859—60.]Gíaká-ite abandoned to die[307]
[1860.]Attacked by troops with Indian allies—Increasing hostility[308]
[1860—61.]Crazy bluff winter—Revenge upon Caddo—Raid into Texas—The zótă´ or driveway[309]
[1861.]Horse sacrificed at sun dance—Sacrilege against taíme—The lost war party[310]
[1861—62.]Smallpox—Effect of gold discovery in Colorado[311]
[1862.]Sun dance after the smallpox[311]
[1862—63.]Expedition against Texas—The echo in the tree tops—The Gua-dagya or travel song[312]
[1863.]Sun dance on No-arm's river[313]
[1863—64.]Death of Big-head and Kills-with-a-gun—Anko calendar begins[313]
[1864.]Ragweed sun dance—Kiowa stampede horses from Fort Larned; general war upon the plains[313]
[1864—65.]Muddy travel winter—Kiowa repel Kit Carson[314]
[1865.]Peninsula sun dance[317]
[1865—66.]Death of Dohásän and Tä´nkóñkya—Smith's trading party[318]
[1866.]German-silver sun dance—Whitacre the trader—Trade in silver with Mexicans[318]
[1866—67.]Attack on Texas emigrants; Ä´pämâdalte killed—Andres Martinez captured[319]
[1867.]Horses stolen by the Navaho—Kâitséñko initiated[319]
[1867—68.]Medicine Lodge treaty—Expedition against the Navaho[320]
[1868.]Sun dance on Medicine-lodge creek—Disastrous expedition against the Ute—The taíme captured[322]
[1868—69.]Tän-gúădal killed; his medicine lance—Burial expedition[325]
[1869.]War-bonnet sun dance—Expedition against the Ute[326]
[1869—70.]Bugle stampede—The Cheyenne on the warpath[326]
[1870.]Plant-growing sun dance[327]
[1870—71.]Set-äñ´gya brings home his son's bones—Drunken fight—Negroes killed in Texas—Death of Ansó`te[328]
[1871.]Koñpä´te killed—Arrest of Set-t'aiñte and other chiefs—Tragic death of Setäñgya—The Kâitséñko death song—Set-äñgya and Set-t'aiñte[328]
[1871—72](1872—73). Peace with the Pawnee; removal to Indian Territory[333]
[1872.]Bíako shot by whites in Kansas[335]
[1872—73.]Visit of the Pueblos—Dohásän's tipi burned—Kiowa heraldic system[336]
[1873.]Sun dance on Sweetwater creek—Guibadái's wife stolen[336]
[1873—74.]Set-t'aiñte released—Lone-wolf's son killed[337]
[1874.]Sun dance on North fork—Set-t´aiñte gives his medicine lance to Ä´`to-t'aiñ[338]
[1874—75.]Fight at Anadarko—Gi-edal killed—Prisoners sent to Florida[339]
[1875.]Sun dance at Love-making spring—Escorted by troops[339]
[1875—76.]Sheep and goats issued to Indians—Stock losses by outbreak[339]
[1876.]Sun dance on North fork—Sun-boy's horses stolen—Dóhéñ´te dies[340]
[1876—77.]A`gábaí killed by her husband—Enlistment of scouts[340]
[1877.]Sun dance on Salt fork of Red river—Ravages of measles[341]
[1877—78.]Buffalo hunt—Fever epidemic—Houses built for chiefs[342]
[1878.]Repeated sun dance—Buffalo hunt under soldier escort[343]
[1878—79.]Hunting party attacked by Texans; Ä´`to-t'aiñ killed[343]
[1879.]Horse-eating sun dance—Last of the buffalo—Boy shot[344]
[1879—80.]"Eye-triumph winter"—Expedition against the Navaho—The talking owl[345]
[1880.]No sun dance—Päbóte dies—Dead names tabooed[346]
[1880—81.]Zoñtam's (?) house built—Last visit by the Pueblos[346]
[1881.]Hot or hemorrhage sun dance—Instances of malformation[347]
[1881—82.]The dó-á contest—The dó-á game—Dátekâñ's medicine tipi[347]
[1882.]No sun dance because no buffalo—Stumbling-bear's daughter dies—Dátekâñ, the prophet[349]
[1882—83.]Bót-édalte dies—Talk of grass leases[350]
[1883.]Nez Percés visit Kiowa—The Nez Percé war—Taimete succeeds to the taíme[351]
[1883—84.]House built by Gákiñăte—Children taken to Chilocco—Visited by Sioux[352]
[1884.]No sun dance—Kiowa haul freight[352]
[1884—85.]House building—Woman stolen[353]
[1885.]Little Peninsula sun dance—First grass money[353]
[1885—86.]T'ébodal's camp burned[354]
[1886.]No sun dance—Anko a policeman—Grass payment[354]
[1886—87.]Suicide of Peyi[354]
[1887.]Buffalo bought for sun dance—Grass payment—Name changes[355]
[1887—88.]Cattle received for grass leases[355]
[1888.]Permission for sun dance refused—Excitement caused by the prophet Pá-iñgya[356]
[1888—89.]Sun-boy dies—Anko splits rails[357]
[1889.]No sun dance—Grass payment[358]
[1889—90.]Grass payment—The Íâm dance[358]
[1890.]Last attempt at sun dance; stopped by troops[358]
[1890—91.]Ghost dance inaugurated; Ä´piatañ's mission—Schoolboys frozen[359]
[1891.]P´ódaläñte killed—The Cheyenne visit the Kiowa[361]
[1891—92.]P´ódaläñte killed—Enlistment of Indian soldiers[362]
[1892.]Terrible ravages of measles—Large grass payment—Delegation to Washington—Appropriation for house building[362]
[Kiowa chronology][365]
[Terms employed][365]
[The seasons][366]
[Kiowa moons or months][367]
[Moons or months of other tribes][369]
[The Anko monthly calendar: August, 1889-July, 1892][373]
[T´águñótal P´a Sän (August, 1889); no event][373]
[T´águñótal P´a; no event][373]
[Gákiñăt´o P´a; woman whipped][373]
[Ä`gâ´nti; no event][373]
[Tépgañ P´a; wagon stalled][373]
[Gañhíña P´a (January? 1890); annuity issue][374]
[Ka`gúăt P´a Sän; mares foal][374]
[Ka`guăt P´a; split rails][374]
[Aideñ P´a; horses lost][374]
[Pai Ä`gâ´nti; visit Cheyenne][374]
[Pai Tépgañ P´a; visit Cheyenne again—first ghost dance][374]
[Pai Gañhíña P´a (July, 1890); sun dance stopped—grass payments][375]
[T´águñótal P´a Sän; no event][375]
[T´águñótal P´a; Äpiatañ goes to the messiah][375]
[Gákiñăt´o P´a; Sitting-bull comes][375]
[Ä`gâ´nti; no event][375]
[Tépgañ P´a; boys frozen][376]
[Gañhíña P´a (January? 1891); annuity issue][376]
[Ka`gúăt P´a Sän (February, 1891); Ä´piatañ returns][376]
[Ka`gúăt P´a; wire issue][376]
[Aídeñ P´a; no event][376]
[Pai Ägâ´nti (June, 1891); Caddo and Wichita agreement][376]
[Pai Tépgañ P´a (July, 1891); Fourth of July races][376]
[Pai Gañhíña P´a; Setk`opte's wife stolen][377]
[T´águñótal P´a Sän; the Pueblo dance][377]
[T´águñótal P´a; P´odalä´ñte killed][377]
[Gákiñat´o P´a; made medicine—cut wood][377]
[A`gâ´nti (November, 1892); lunar eclipse][377]
[Tépgañ P´a; no event][378]
[Gañhíña P´a (January? 1892); annuity issue][378]
[Ka`gúăt P´a Sän; wire issue][378]
[Ka`gúăt P´a: move camp—late frost][378]
[Aídeñ P´a (April, 1892); emigrant to Cheyenne country][378]
[Pai Ä`gâ´nti: Íatäkía dies—grass payment][378]
[Pai Tépgañ P´a; measles epidemic—grass payment][379]
[Pai Gañhíña P´a (July, 1892); Fourth of July races][379]
[T´águñótal P´a Sän (August, 1892); visit of Cheyenne and Arapaho][379]
[Military and trading posts, missions, etc][381]
[The Kiowa language][389]
[Characteristics][389]
[Kiowa-English glossary][391]
[English-Kiowa glossary][430]
[Authorities cited][440]

ILLUSTRATIONS

Page
Plate[ LVII.]Range of the Kiowa and neighboring tribes (map)[141]
[LVIII.]Gui-pägo or Lone-wolf, principal chief, 1866—1874[189]
[LIX.]Tseñ-t'aiñte or White-horse[190]
[LX.]Gui-k`áte or Sleeping-wolf (Wolf-lying-down) and wife[192]
[LXI.]Quanah Parker, principal chief of the Comanche[202]
[LXII.]Inside of Set-t'aiñte's shield[208]
[LXIII.]Outside of Set-t'aiñte's shield[210]
[LXIV.]Set-ĭmkía or Stumbling-bear (Pushing-bear)[219]
[LXV.]Paí-tälyí or Sun-boy[221]
[LXLXVI.]Andres Martinez ("Än´dali")[236]
[LXVII.]The Porcupine in the tree, and flight of the Sun-woman[238]
[LXVIII.]Peyote plant and button[241]
[LXIX.]The taíme[242]
[LXX.]Arapaho sun-dance lodge, 1893[244]
[LXXI.]Pacer (Peso), former head-chief of the Kiowa Apache[245]
[LXXII.]Daha, a Kiowa Apache subchief[246]
[LXXIII.]Kiowa migration route[249]
[LXXIV.]Goñk`oñ or Apache John, a Kiowa Apache subchief[251]
[LXXV.]The Sét-t'an annual calendar[254]
[LXXVI.]Bóhon-kóñkya, "Quay-ham-kay," Gunpäñdâmä, and "Kotsatoah" (after Catlin)[268]
[LXXVII.]Sand mosaic of the Hopi Antelope priests[296]
[LXXVIII.]Lawrie Tatum, with group of rescued captives[331]
[LXXIX.]The Do-gíägyä-guat or tipi of battle pictures[337]
[LXXX.]The Anko calendar[373]
[LXXXI.]Anko[374]
Figure [43].Zépko-eétte or Big-bow[151]
[44.]Dohásän or Little-bluff, principal chief, 1833—1866[175]
[45].Set-t'aiñte (Satanta) or White-bear[178]
[46].Set-ängya (Satank) or Sitting-bear[189]
[47].Tseñ-t'aiñte or White-horse[191]
[48].Ä´do-eétte or Big-tree[192]
[49]."Ka-ati-wertz-ama-na—A brave man, not afraid of any Indian"[195]
[50].T'ené-angópte or Kicking-bird[196]
[51].Gui-pägo or Lone-wolf, present head-chief of the Kiowa[200]
[52].Ä´piatañ or Wooden-lance[222]
[53].H. L. Scott, Captain, Seventh, cavalry, U. S. A.[224]
[54].A group of Kiowa[225]
[55].The Kiowa camp circle[229]
[56].Mäñyí-tén or Woman-heart, a typical Kiowa[232]
[57].Gaápiatáñ (alias Haitsĭki) or Feathered-lance, a typical Kiowa[234]
[58].Gray-eagle, a Kiowa Apache subchief[247]
[59].Tsáyădítl-ti or White-man, present head-chief of the Kiowa Apache [249]
[60].Dävéko, "The-same-one," a Kiowa Apache subchief and medicine-man[250]
[61].Sét-t'án or Little-bear[254]
[62].Winter 1832—33—Money captured[255]
[63].Summer 1833—They cut off their heads[258]
[64].Winter 1833—34—The stars fell[261]
[65].The star shower of 1833 (from the Dakota calendars)[261]
[66].Summer 1834—Return of Gunpä´ñdamä´[261]
[67].Meeting of the dragoons and the Comanche (after Catlin)[264]
[68].Kĭ´tskûkătû´k, the Wichita village on North fork in 1834[267]
[69].Winter 1834—35—Bull-tail killed[269]
[70].Summer 1835—Cat-tail rush sun dance[269]
[71].Winter 1835—36—Big-face killed[270]
[72].Summer 1836—Wolf-river sun dance[271]
[73].Winter 1836—37—Ki´ñähíate killed[271]
[74].Summer 1837—Cheyenne massacred[271]
[75].Battle pictures (from the Dakota calendars)[272]
[76].Winter 1837—38—Head dragged[273]
[77].Summer 1838—Attacked by Cheyenne[273]
[78].Winter 1838—39—Battle with Arapaho[274]
[79].Summer 1839—Peninsula sun dance[274]
[80].Winter 1839—40—Smallpox[274]
[81].Smallpox (from the Dakota calendars)[275]
[82].Summer 1840—Red-bluff sun dance[275]
[83].Winter 1840—41—Hide-quiver war expedition[276]
[84].Summer 1841—Pawnee fight[276]
[85].Winter 1841—42—´dalhabä´k`ía killed[277]
[86].Summer 1842—Repeated sun dance[279]
[87].Winter 1842—43—Crow-neck died[280]
[88].Summer 1843—Nest-building sun dance[280]
[89].Winter 1843—44—Woman stabbed[281]
[90].Summer 1844—Dakota sun dance[281]
[91].Winter 1844—45—Ä´tahá-ik`í killed[282]
[92].Giving the war pipe (from the Dakota calendars)[282]
[93].Summer 1845—Stone-necklace sun dance[283]
[94].Winter 1845—46—Wrinkled-neck's trading post[283]
[95].Summer 1846—Hornless-bull initiated[284]
[96].Dog-soldier initiated (?) (from the Dakota calendars)[285]
[97].Winter 1846—47—Mustache shooting[286]
[98].Summer 1847—Red-sleeve killed[286]
[99].Winter 1847—48—Winter camp[287]
[100].Summer 1848—Initiation sun dance[287]
[101].Winter 1848—49—Antelope drive[287]
[102].Antelope drives (from the Dakota calendars)[288]
[103].Summer 1849—Cholera sun dance[289]
[104].Cholera (from the Dakota calendars)[290]
[105].Winter 1849—50—Dance over slain Pawnee[292]
[106].Summer 1850—Chinaberry sun dance[292]
[107].Winter 1850—51—Buck-deer killed[293]
[108].Summer 1851—Dusty sun dance; flag stolen[293]
[109].Winter 1851—52—Woman frozen[294]
[110].Summer 1852—Iron-shirt killed[294]
[111].Winter 1852—53—Gúădal-tséyu stolen[295]
[112].Summer 1853—Showery sun dance[295]
[113].Rain symbols (Chinese, Hopi, and Ojibwa)[296]
[114].Winter 1853—54—Pä´ñgyägíate killed[296]
[115].Summer 1854—Black-horse killed[297]
[116].Winter 1854—55—Gyai`koaóñte killed[299]
[117].Summer 1855—Sitting summer[300]
[118].Winter 1855—56—Big-head kills an Ä´lähó[300]
[119].Summer 1856—-Prickly-pear sun dance[301]
[120].Winter 1856—57—Tipis left[301]
[121].Summer 1857—Forked-stick-sprouting sun dance[302]
[122].Winter 1857—58—Horses stolen[305]
[123].Summer 1858—Timber-circle sun dance[306]
[124].Winter 1858—59—Gúi-k`ate killed[306]
[125].Summer 1859—Cedar-bluff sun dance[306]
[126].Winter 1859—60—Gíaká-ite died[307]
[127].Summer 1860—Bird-appearing killed[308]
[128].Winter 1860—61—Crazy-bluff winter[309]
[129].Summer 1861—Pinto left tied[310]
[130].Winter 1861—62—Smallpox[311]
[131].Summer 1862—Sun dance after smallpox[311]
[132].Winter 1862—63—Treetop winter[312]
[133].Summer 1863—No-arm's-river sun dance[313]
[134].Winter 1863—64—Big-head dies; Hâ´ñzephó`da dies[313]
[135].Summer 1864—Ragweed sun dance; soldier fight[314]
[136].Winter 1864—65—Ute fight[315]
[137].Summer 1865—Peninsula sun dance[317]
[138].Winter 1865—66—Tän-kóñkya died; Dohásän died[318]
[139].Summer 1866—German-silver sun dance[319]
[140].Winter 1866—67—Äpämâ´dalte killed[319]
[141].Summer 1867—Black-ear stolen; the Kâ´itséñko[320]
[142].Winter 1867—68—Medicine Lodge treaty; Navaho killed[320]
[143].Summer 1868—Ute fight[322]
[144].Winter 1868—69—Tängúadal killed[325]
[145].Summer 1869—War-bonnet sun dance[326]
[146].Winter 1869—70—Bugle scare[326]
[147].Summer 1870—Plant-growing sun dance; dusty sun dance[327]
[148].Winter 1870—71—Set-ängya's bones brought home; drunken fight; negroes killed[327]
[149].Summer 1871—Set-t'aiñte arrested; Kóñpäte killed[328]
[150].Set-taíñte in prison[330]
[151].Winter 1871—72 (1872—73)—Pawnee visit; camp on Long-tree creek[333]
[152].Summer 1872—Viejo shot[335]
[153].Winter 1872—73—Pueblo visit; battle tipi burned[336]
[154].Summer 1873—Pa-kóñkya's horses killed[337]
[155].Winter 1873—74—Set-t'aiñte returns; Lone-wolf's son killed[337]
[156].Summer 1874—The medicine lance; Bluff-end sun dance[338]
[157].Winter 1874—75—Gi-edal killed; Kiowa imprisoned[339]
[158].Summer 1875—Love-making spring sun dance[339]
[159].Winter 1875—76—Sheep and goats issued[339]
[160].Summer 1876—Horse-stealing sun dance[340]
[161].Winter 1876—77—A'gábaí killed; scouts enlisted[341]
[162].Summer 1877—Measles sun dance[341]
[163].Winter 1877—78—Camp at Signal mountain; hunt on Pecan creek[342]
[164].Summer 1878—Repeated sun dance[343]
[165].Winter 1878—79—Ä'to-t´áiñ killed[343]
[166].Summer 1879—Horse-eating sun dance; boy shot[344]
[167].Winter 1879—80—Eye-triumph winter[345]
[168].Summer 1880—No dance; Päbóte died[346]
[169].Winter 1880—81—House built; Pueblo visit[347]
[170].Summer 1881—Hemorrhage or hot sun dance[347]
[171].Winter 1831—82—Dó-á game; medicine tipi[348]
[172].Summer 1882—Buffalo medicine; Pä´tso`gáte died[349]
[173].Winter, 1882—83—Bot-édalte dies; grass leases; camp on Pecan creek[350]
[174].Summer 1883—Nez Percé sun dance[351]
[175].Winter 1883—84—House built; children taken; Sioux dances[352]
[176].Summer 1884—No sun dance; hauled freight[352]
[177].Winter 1884—85—Winter camp; Tón-ak`a's elopement[353]
[178].Summer 1885—Little Peninsula sun dance; grass payment[353]
[179].Winter 1885—86—Camp burned[354]
[180].Summer 1886—No sun dance; policemen; grass payment[354]
[181].Winter 1886—87—Peyi commits suicide[354]
[182].Summer 1887—No sun dance (?); grass payment[355]
[183].Winter 1887—88—Cattle payment[355]
[184].Summer 1888—Sun dance (?); Pá-iñgya's prophecy[356]
[185].Winter 1888—89—Winter camp; Sun-boy died; split rails[358]
[186].Summer 1889—No sun dance; grass payment[358]
[187].Winter 1889—90—Winter camp; grass payment; Íâm dance[358]
[188].Summer 1890—Unfinished sun dance[359]
[189].Winter 1890—91—Sitting-bull comes; Ä´piatañ; boys frozen[359]
[190].Summer 1891—P'ódalä´ñte killed; visit Cheyenne[361]
[191].Winter 1891—92—Soldiers enlisted; P'ódalä´ñte killed[362]
[192].Summer 1892—Measles; grass payment[362]
[193].T'águñótal P'a Sän[373]
[194].T'águñótal P'a[373]
[195].Gakíñat'o P'a—Woman-whipped[373]
[196].Ä`gâ´nti[373]
[197].Tépgañ P'a—Wagon stalled[373]
[198].Gañhíña P'a—Annuity issue[374]
[199].Ka`gúăt P'a Sän—Mares foal[374]
[200].Ka`gúăt P'a—Split rails[374]
[201].Aideñ P'a—Horses lost[374]
[202].Pai Ä`gâ´nti—Visit Cheyenne[374]
[203].Pai Tépgañ P'a—Ghost dance[374]
[204].Pai Gañhíña P'a—Sun dance stopped; grass payment[375]
[205].T'aguñótal P'a Sän[375]
[206].T'aguñótal P'a—Ä´piatañ[375]
[207].Gákiñăt´o P'a—Sitting-bull[375]
[208].Ä`gâ´nti[375]
[209].Tépgañ P'a—Schoolboys frozen[376]
[210].Gañhíña P'a—Annuity issue[376]
[211].Ka`gúăt P'a Sän—Ä´piatañ returns[376]
[212].Ka`gúăt P'a—Wire issue[376]
[213].Aideñ P'a[376]
[214].Pai Ä`gâ´nti—Treaty sale[376]
[215].Pai Tépgañ P'a—Races[377]
[216].Pai Gañhíña P'a—Woman stolen[377]
[217].T'aguñótal P'a Sän—Pueblo dance[377]
[218].T'aguñótal P'a—P'odalä´ñte killed[377]
[219].Gákíñat'o P'a—Made medicine; cut wood[377]
[220].Ä`gâ´nti—Lunar eclipse[378]
[221].Tépgañ P'a[378]
[222].Gañhíña P'a—Annuity issue[378]
[223].Ka`gúăt P'a Sän—Wire issue[378]
[224].Ka`gúăt P'a—Move camp[378]
[225].Áideñ P'a—Immigrants arrive[378]
[226].Pai Ä`gâ´nti—Íatäkía dies; grass payment[378]
[227].Pai Tépgañ P'a—Measles; grass payment[379]
[228].Pai Gañhíña P'a—Fourth of July races[379]
[229].T'águñótal P'a Sän—Cheyenne dance[379]

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY—SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT PL. LVII

THE KIOWA RANGE SHOWING THE LOCATION OF THE PLAINS TRIBES IN 1832.

CALENDAR HISTORY OF THE KIOWA INDIANS
By James Mooney

INTRODUCTION