- 1700 (about)—Migration from the mountains to the Yellowstone region.
- 1732—Mentioned in Spanish document of New Mexico.
- 1770 (about)—Massacre of the K'úato and expulsion from the Black Hills.
- 1790 (about)—Peace and alliance with the Comanche.
- 1805—First American mention; Kiowa then on North Platte.
- 1833—Massacre by the Osage and capture of the taíme.
- 1834—Dragoon expedition and first official intercourse with United States.
- 1837—First treaty, at Fort Gibson.
- 1839—Smallpox epidemic.
- 1849—Cholera epidemic.
- 1854—Defeat of plains tribes by the Sauk.
- 1864—General outbreak of plains tribes.
- 1866—Death of Dohásän.
- 1867—Medicine Lodge treaty; Kiowa agree to go on reservation.
- 1868—Battle of the Washita; Ute capture the taíme.
- 1869—Kiowa go upon present reservation.
- 1871—Setängya killed.
- 1872—First attempt to establish schools.
- 1874—Outbreak of Cheyenne, Comanche, and Kiowa.
- 1879—Practical disappearance of the buffalo.
- 1881—Dátekâñ's prophecy.
- 1886—First money for grass paid to Kiowa and Apache.
- 1887—Pá-iñgya's prophecy.
- 1890—Last sun dance; beginning of the ghost dance in the tribe.
- 1892—Measles epidemic; unratified agreement of land sale.
SOCIOLOGY OF THE KIOWA
ABSENCE OF THE CLAN SYSTEM
The clan system does not exist among the Kiowa, and there is no evidence that they have ever had it. This may be a surprise to those disciples of Morgan who have assumed that because the system is found among the eastern tribes and certain tribes of the southwest and extreme northwest it is therefore universal and a necessary factor in tribal development. It is by no means universal, and it is doubtful if it exists among the Athapascan tribes of British America, the tribes of the Columbia region, Oregon, or California, or any of the recognized Shoshonean stock with the exception of the Hopi. The Cheyenne and Sioux of the plains seem to know as little of it as do the Kiowa. Clark, in his "Indian Sign Language," says: "I cannot help feeling that Mr Morgan's careful study of the form of government of the Iroquois league colored his writings in regard to all other Indians. Certain it is that no trace now exists of such organization among many of the plains tribes." In another place he states that among the majority of the plains tribes, and perhaps the western Indians generally, judging from their laws of inheritance and marriage customs, the system never did exist (Clark, 5). Gatschet, in his great work on the Klamath language, declares that the Klamath Indians of Oregon are absolutely ignorant of the clan system, while Hale, in the "Iroquois Book of Rites," takes the ground that the system is simply an artificial invention, adopted for convenience and spreading from various local centers. In support of the idea that it is artificial rather than natural he points out the fact that it is not found among the Polynesian tribes, who are on about the same plane of development as our Indians (Hale, 1). In the United States the clan system seems to be found more particularly among the agricultural tribes.
LOCAL DIVISIONS
Before they were confined to the reservation the Kiowa were grouped into two general local divisions, known, respectively, as T'ó-k`íñähyup, "cold men" (i.e., men of the cold, or northern, country), and Gwáhalégo, from the Comanche name Kwáhadi or Kwáhari. These terms were practically equivalent to "northern" and "southern," the former ranging chiefly along Arkansas river and the Kansas frontier, while the latter, as the name indicates, associated more with the Kwáhadi Comanche of the region of the Staked plain. As they were merely temporary local designations and not proper band or gentile names, they have now ceased to be of any practical importance.
SUBTRIBES
The Kiowa have six recognized divisions or subtribes, including the Apache, who form a component part of the Kiowa tribal circle. The extinct K'úato formerly made a seventh, but their position in the circle is now forgotten. These divisions are not clans or gentes (social) based on marriage regulations, but subtribes (political), each division having had originally its own chief, subordinate to the recognized head chief of the tribe, with certain peculiarities of dialect and sometimes its special "medicine" or religious ceremonial. They may have been in the beginning distinct cognate tribes, with the exception of the Apache, which confederated at a later period for mutual assistance. The Comanche, although now allied with the Kiowa, have no part in their tribal organization or ceremonies.
THE CAMP CIRCLE
The names of the bands and their order in the camp circle on the occasion of all tribal gatherings are as follows: