Pacer, head chief of the Apache, died in the summer of 1875. He was a man of considerable ability and is frequently mentioned in the official reports of the period, as well as by Battey. He had been the consistent advocate of friendly relations with the whites, and on his death was given a civilized burial, at the request of his people, as had been done in the case of Kicking-bird, the Kiowa chief, who died shortly before (Report, 72).
RECENT HISTORY AND PRESENT CONDITION
The Apache participate with the Kiowa and Comanche in the benefits of the leases of grass lands. They suffered terribly in the epidemic of 1892, losing more than one-fourth of their number. They joined in the protest against the late unratified agreement and were represented in the joint delegation of 1894 by Goñkoñ, "Stays-in-tipi," or Apache John. In dress, customs, and general characteristics they resemble the Kiowa, but are much more agreeable and reliable in disposition. They join with them in the sun dance and the peyote rite, and have no distinct tribal ceremony of their own, although they have a "horse medicine" of considerable repute. In 1896 they numbered two hundred and eight, under the head chieftainship of White-man, and resided chiefly on Apache creek and in the vicinity of the Kichai hills.
POPULATION
Below is given the population of the Apache at different periods, all but the first estimate (Lewis and Clark, 6) being taken from the annual Indian reports. They have probably never numbered much over three hundred and fifty:
- 1805—Ca´takâ, 25 tipis, 75 warriors, 300 souls.
- 1850—50 lodges (=325 souls?).
- 1854—40 lodges (Fitzpatrick); 320 (Whitfield, Report of 1855).
- 1865—500 (Report), 40 lodges, with 4 or 5 to a lodge (Leavenworth, in Report on Condition of Indian Tribes, 37, 1867).
- 1867—800 (?), 70 tipis, 420 souls (estimate in report of Medicine Lodge treaty—Indian Miscel.).
- 1868—Same.
- 1869—300 (Report of 1870).
- 1870—Same.
- 1871—378.
- 1872—380a; 517b.
- 1873—774 (?).
- 1874—602 (?).
- 1875—344.
- 1876—325.
- 1877—343.
- 1878—344.
- 1879—315.
- 1880—334.
- 1881—337.
- 1882—340.
- 1883—337.
- 1884—308.
- 1885—319.
- 1886—332.
- 1887—Same.
- 1888—348.
- 1889—349; "a very careful census."
- 1890—326.
- 1891—325.
- 1892—241 (decrease from epidemic).
- 1893—224.
- 1894—Same, taken from preceding.
- 1895—226.
- 1896—208.
Fig. 61—Sét-t'án or Little-bear.
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY— SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT PL. LXXV
