The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890

by James Mooney

From a letter of Judge James Wickersham, already quoted as an authority on the Shaker religion of the Columbia River tribes, it appears that Aiyal is not the same individual as Yowaluch, as was stated by our Yakima informants, who were doubtless deceived by the resemblance of sound. Judge Wickersham writes: “I know this man Aiyal, and he and Yowaluch, while great friends, are not the same person. Aiyal is a Cowlitz, and was sent by Yowaluch to the Yakima, together with John W. Simmons, to convert that tribe.”

INDEX TO PART 2

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• Ă′ă kakimeawi′ut, Caddo name of ghost dance, [791]
• Aä′ninĕna, an Arapaho division, [955]
• —, an Arapaho synonym, [1013]
• Aanû′hawă, an Arapaho division, [956]
• Achoma′wi, a Pit river band, [1052]
• Adai, a Caddo division, [1092]
• Adaize, a Caddo division, [1092]
• Â′dal-k̔ato′igo, a Sahaptin synonym, [744]
• Ädalto′yui, a Kiowa warrior order, [989]
• Adams, Agent, at Anadarko council, [913]
• Adams, Wm., killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Adventists, account of the, [944]
• Aes, a Caddo division, [1092]
• Afraid-of-him, Biäñk̔i’s vision of, [910]
• Aga′ih-tĭka′ra, see [Fisheaters].
• Agents, knowledge of, concerning indians, [767]
• —, inconsiderateness of, [837]
• —, placed under military orders, [850]
• —, policy concerning, [828]
• —, replacement of, [845], [887]
• —, Sioux, ghost dance beyond control of, [850]
• —, Sioux, irresponsibility of, [833]
• Agriculture of the Caddo, [1094]
• Aha′känĕ′na, an Arapaho warrior order, [988]
• Ähyäto, Kiowa name of the Arapaho, [953]
• Aiyal, correction concerning, [1111]
• —, see [Yowaluch, Louis].
• Akokisa, status of the, [1093]
• Aliatan, a synonym of Comanche, [1043]
• Aliche, a Caddo division, [1092]
• Allis, Samuel, on Kickapoo prayer stick, [697]
• Almotu, a Pälus village, [735]
• Alone Man, Catch-the-Bear killed by, [857]
• American Horse, acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, ghost-dance council held by, [820]
• — on Wounded Knee massacre, [869], [885]
• — on the Sioux outbreak, [839], [843]
• —, emissary to Bad-lands refugees, [867]
• —, Kicking Bear’s surrender effected by, [868]
• —, delegate to Washington, [891]
• Americans, indian belief of origin of, [721]
• —, indian regard for, [676]
• Amulet, Caddo, described, [904]
• Anadarko, a Caddo division, [1092]
• —, Kiowa council at, [913]
• Angell, Henry, in Sioux outbreak, [863]
• Anointment of body, [1037]
• Anos-anyotskano, Kichai name of the Arapaho, [953]
• Anskowĭ′nĭs, a Cheyenne division, [1026]
• Apache, absence of ghost dance among, [805]
• — in ghost dance, [653], [802], [805], [898]
• — and Kiowa early warfare, [1079]
• —, medicine-man of the, [704]
• —, refusal of, to accept Äpiatañ’s report, [914]
• —, use of bull-roarer by, [975]
• A′p-anĕka′ra, Comanche name of ghost dance, [791]
• Äpiatañ, journey of, to the Sioux, [908]
• —, Kiowa delegate to Wovoka, [903], [911], [913]
• —, portrait of, [912]
• —, result of interview of, [911]
• —, report of messiah visit of, [913]
• —, report on messiah doctrine by, [900]
• —, medal presented to, [914]
• Aqa′thinĕ′na, an Arapaho division, [957]
• Arapaho, ceremonial smoking by the, [918]
• —, cycles of the, [701]
• —, delegation of, to Wovoka, [900]
• —, early knowledge of messiah by, [797]
• —, etymology of, [1013]
• —, features of ghost dance among, [802]
• —, ghost dance among the, [653], [786], [807], [817], [820], [895], [926], [927]
• —, ghost-dance doctrine spread by, [902]
• —, glossary of the, [1012]
• —, knowledge of messiah among, [894]
• — name of the Caddo, [1092]
• — name of the Cheyenne, [1023]
• — name of the Comanche, [1043]
• — name of ghost dance, [791]
• — name of the Kiowa Apache, [1081]
• — name of the Sioux, [1057]
• — police, acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, population of the, [957]
• —, religion of the, [775]
• —, sacred pipe of the, [1063]
• —, sketch of the, [954]
• —, songs of the, [958]
• —, symbolic representation of, [789]
• — tribal signs, [954]
• — tribal synonymy, [953]
• — visit of Äpiatañ to, [911]
• —, visit of, to Wovoka, [774], [807], [901]
• —, visit to the, [778]
• Äräpa′kata, Crow name of the Arapaho, [953], [1014]
• Arcs Plats, a synonym of Kutenai, [731]
• Arikara, ghost dance among the, [817]
• Arizona visited by Smohalla, [719]
• Armstrong, James, visit of Kickapoo delegation to, [699]
• Armstrong, R. B., prayer stick in possession of, [699]
• Arnold, Mrs L. B., acknowledgments to, [655]
• — adoption of Sioux child by, [880]
• Arrow, medicine, ceremony of, [1026]
• Arrow game of the Arapaho, [962]
• Arrows of the Cheyenne, [1024]
• —, sacred, in Sioux ceremony, [823]
• —, sacred, in Sioux ghost dance, [788], [915], [916]
• —, symbolism of, in ghost dance, [789]
• Äsatitola, present name of Biäñk̔i, [909]
• Asay, J. F., on mortality at Wounded Knee, [870]
• —, on Sioux ghost dance, [915]
• Asinais, a Caddo synonym, [1092]
• Asiniboin and Cheyenne hostility, [1024]
• —, ghost dance among the, [817]
• —, Tenskwatawa religion among the, [679]
• Atahnam, a Yakima mission, [717]
• Ä′tänûm-‛lĕma, sketch of the, [738]
• Atsina, Blackfoot name of Gros Ventres, [955]
• Atua′mih, a Pit river band, [1052]
• Authorities cited, list of, [1104]
• Awl game of plains tribes, 1002–1004
• Ayutan, a synonym of Comanche, [1043]
• Aztecs, culture of the, [658]
• Ba′achinĕna, name of northern Arapaho, [954], [1014]
• Bääku′ni, Arapaho name of Paul Boynton, [971]
• Bad Faces, an Arapaho division, [957]
• Bad lands, flight of Sioux to, [850], [851], [861], [884]
• —, Sioux in, surrounded by troops, [866]
• —, return of Sioux from, [868]
• Bad Pipes, an Arapaho division, [956]
• Bahakosĭn, Caddo name of the Cheyenne 1023
• Bahwetegow-ēninnewug, Ojibwa name of Gros Ventres, [955]
• Ball of the Arapaho, [964]
• Bancroft, George, on French and Indian war, [663]
• —, on the Lenape, [662]
• Bannock and Paiute affinity, [1048], [1051]
• —, early knowledge of messiah by, [802]
• —, ghost dance among, [785], [805], [807]
• —, messiah delegates among the, [894]
• —, Mormon emissaries among the, [704]
• —, Porcupine’s visit to the, [793]
• —, present habitat of the, [806]
• —, reception of, into Mormon church, [790]
• —, Tävibo among the, [701]
• —, visit of Äpiatañ among, [911]
• —, visit of, to Wovoka, [818]
• Bannock Jim, Wovoka confounded with, [765]
• Bä′qati game described, [994]
• — in ghost song, [1036], [1075]
• Bäqati wheel, use of, in ghost dance, [1064]
• Bark, Cheyenne delegate to Wovoka, [895]
• Bark, cedar, headdress of, in Shaker ceremony, [761]
• Bartlett, C. H., acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, prayer slick presented by, [698]
• Bä′sawunĕ′na, an Arapaho division, [955]
• Basket, mystic, in Columbia indian cosmology, [722]
• Basket used in dice game, [1004]
• Bathing in ghost-dance ceremony, [921]
• Bäti′qtûba game of the Arapaho, [1007]
• Battlelemuleemauch, a Mitaui synonym, [734]
• —, an Okanagan division, [734]
• Bed of prairie tribes, [963]
• Be′dălpago, Kiowa name of the whites, [978]
• Beekman, Dora, founder of the Beekmanites, [945]
• Beekmanites, account of, [945]
• Bell, —, a wilderness worshiper, [946]
• Bells used in Shaker ceremony, [749], [755]
• — used in Smohalla worship, [730]
• Bĕni’nĕna, an Arapaho warrior society, [986]
• Benoit, Felix, interpreter in Sioux outbreak, [865]
• Bent, George, acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, on absence of clans among Cheyenne, [956]
• Bent, Jesse, acknowledgments to, [655]
• Berliner, Emile, acknowledgments to, [655]
• Berry dance of northwestern indians, [728]
• Be′shiltchă, Kiowa synonym, [1078]
• Bĕtidĕĕ, Kiowa Apache name of the Arapaho, [953]
• Biäñk̔i, account of, [909–910]
• — compared with other prophets, [930]
• —, influence of, in ghost dance, [914]
• Bible, Shaker regard for the, [750], [755]
• Bidai, status of the, [1093]
• Big Foot, complaints by band of, [836]
• —, excitement among band of, [848]
• —, game-wheel carried by band of, [1075]
• —, ghost dance at camp of, [847], [853]
• — joined by Sitting Bull’s warriors, [860]
• —, participation of, in Sioux outbreak, [861]
• —, arrest of band of, [876]
• —, surrender of, [867]
• —, second flight of, [865]
• —, military movement against, [864]
• —, illness of, [868]
• — killed at Wounded Knee, [870]
• Big Road as a peacemaker, [887]
• —, delegate to Washington, [891]
• —, emissary to Bad-lands refugees, [867]
• Billy John, see [Sha′awĕ].
• Bird head, use of, in battle, [790]
• Birds, stuffed, used in ghost dance, [916]
• Bitahi′nĕna, an Arapaho warrior order, [988]
• Bitäye, another name of Sitting Bull, [896]
• Black, Buffalo, a ghost-dance leader, [902]
• Black Coal, an Arapaho chief, [956]
• —, opposition of, to ghost dance, [808]
• Black Coyote, an Arapaho ghost-dance leader, [897], [898]
• —, acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, sacred paint obtained by, [1029]
• —, song rehearsal in tipi of, [819]
• —, visit of, to Wovoka, [774], [775], [894], [900], [903]
• Blackfeet, a Teton division, [1059]
• —, absence of ghost dance among, [816], [817]
• —, dog soldiers of the, [986]
• —, eagle trapping by the, [993]
• —, former union of, with Cheyenne, [1025]
• —, native name of the, [957]
• —, name of Gros Ventres by, [955]
• —, Tenskwatawa religion among the, [680]
• Black Fox, firing at Wounded Knee begun by, [869]
• Black hills formerly occupied by Kiowa, [1079]
• — inhabited by Cheyenne, [1024]
• —, result of settlement of, [825], [826], [1059]
• Black-leg people, a Kiowa warrior order, [989]
• Black Short Nose, acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, an Arapaho chief, [956]
• —, Wovoka’s message delivered by, [780]
• Blood, use of, in Sioux arrow ceremony, [823]
• Blowing in Shaker ceremonial, [761]
• Blue Cloud people, an Arapaho synonym, [789]
• Blue Whirlwind, portrait of, [877]
• —, wounding of, at Wounded Knee, [869]
• Bobbydoklinny, see [Nakai-doklĭ′ni].
• Bodălk̔iñago, Kiowa name of the Comanche, [1043]
• Bone, arrowheads of, in Sioux ceremony, [823]
• Bone, Albert S., killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Boston men, application of name, [721]
• Bot-k̔iñ′ago, Kiowa name of Gros Ventres, [955]
• Bourke, J. G., acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, on Apache medicine-man, [704]
• —, on Apache use of bull-roarer, [975]
• —, on necklaces of human fingers, [1024]
• Bow, sacred, in Sioux ceremony, [823]
• —, in Sioux ghost-dance, [788]
• Boynton, Paul, acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, ghost song composed by, [971]
• —, experience of, while in trance, [923]
• Braddock, Pontiac at defeat of, [668]
• Brinton, D. G., cited on white deliverer among indians, [658]
• Broken Arm, delegate to Wovoka, [820]
• Brooke, Gen. J. R., troops under, in Sioux outbreak, [850]
• —, operations of, in Sioux outbreak, [875], [882]
• —, on reduction of Sioux rations, [845]
• —, conference of, with Sioux chiefs, [867]
• Brown, A. J., mission of, [946]
• Brown, J. P., quoted on the Dervishes, [948]
• Browne, H. G., acknowledgments to, [655]
• Brulés, a Teton division, [1058]
• —, ghost dance among the, [847]
• Brunot, —, on Columbia river land reserve, [709]
• Buffalo, ceremony for restoration of, [906]
• —, effect of extermination of, [825], [829], [831], [833]
• — hair used in medicine, [1033]
• — hunting by the Sioux, [824]
• — hunting, how conducted, [1071]
• — in Biäñk̔i’s vision, [910]
• — in ghost-dance doctrine, [821], [1064]
• — in Sioux mythology, [1063]
• —, indian dependence on, [980]
• —, Kiowa belief concerning, [906]
• —, belief in restoration of, [799], [907], [1088]
• — skull, use of, in Sioux ceremony, [822]
• —, vision of, [797], [821]
• Buffalo Bill, see [Cody, W. F.]
• Buffalo Black, see [Black].
• Buffalo-eaters, name applied to the Bannock, [1051]
• Buffalo gap, appearance of troops at, [850]
• Bull Head, Sioux police under, [855]
• — at arrest of Sitting Bull, [857]
• —, Sitting Bull shot by, [857]
• — shot by Catch-the-Bear, [857]
• — killed in Sitting-Bull fight, [858]
• Bull-roarer of the Arapaho, [974], [975]
• Burns, Robert, acknowledgments to, [655]
• Caddo, account of the, [1092]
• —, clan system of the, [956]
• —, delegation of, to Wovoka, [901], [903]
• —, ghost-dance among the, [653], [786], [802], [895], [898], [902], [905], [926], [927]
• —, glossary of the, [1102]
• — name of ghost dance, [791]
• — name of the Arapaho, [953]
• — name of the Cheyenne, [1023]
• — name of the Comanche, [1043]
• — name of the Kiowa Apache, [1081]
• — name of the Sioux, [1057]
• — name of the Wichita, [1095]
• —, refusal of, to accept Äpiatañ’s report, [914]
• —, songs of the, [1096]
• —, synonymy of the, [1092]
• —, tribal sign of the, [1092]
• Caddoan stock, tribes composing the, [1092]
• Cadodaquio, a Caddo synonym, [1092]
• Cailloux, a Cayuse synonym, [743]
• Calendar, Kiowa, pictography of, [906], [907], [909]
• Calispel, a synonym of Pend d’Oreille, [731]
• Campbell, Frank, account of Täviho by, [702]
• Camping by prairie tribes, [1073]
• Camping circle of the Arapaho, [956]
• — of the Cheyenne, [1026]
• — of the Kiowa, [1080]
• — of the Sioux, [1058]
• Candles used in Shaker ceremony, [755], [761], [762]
• Can’t-hold-it, Biäñk̔i’s vision of, [910]
• Capron, Captain, troops under, at Pine Ridge, [850]
• Captain Dick, account of ghost dance by, [784]
• Captor, another name of Sitting Bull, [896]
• Cardinal points, fires at, in ghost dance, [915]
• — in ghost dance, [789]
• — in Sioux ceremony, [823]
• —, smoke offering to, [918], [1063]
• Carignan, —, on movements of Sitting Bull, [855]
• Carlisle students as messiah delegates, [900]
• — in ghost dance, [923], [924], [971], [1038]
• Carr, Gen. E. A., arrest of Nakai-doklĭ′ni by, [705]
• —, operations of, in Sioux outbreak, [882]
• —, troops under, in Sioux outbreak, [850]
• Carroll, Major, Porcupine’s account made to, [793]
• Cascade indians, a Kwikwûlĭt synonym, [741]
• Casey, Lieut. E. W., killed in Sioux outbreak, [872], [888]
• Caswall, —, on the Kentucky revival, [943]
• Cataka, a synonym of Kiowa Apache, [1081]
• Catch-the-Bear, an adherent of Sitting Bull, [857]
• — killed in Sitting Bull fight, [857]
• Catlin, George, on Känakûk, [692], [697]
• —, on meaning of Känakûk, [693]
• —, on Shawano prophet, [673]
• —, on Shawano religion among Blackfeet, [680]
• —, on Tecumtha, [691]
• —, visit of, to Känakûk, [696]
• Cautantouwit, an Algonquian god, [982]
• Caygua, a Kiowa synonym, [1078]
• Cayuse and Klûkatät hostility, [738]
• — opinion of land assignments, [710]
• —, present habitat of the, [805]
• —, sketch of the, [743]
• Cedar, sacred regard for, [809], [979]
• — used in ghost dance, [911], [921]
• Cedar Tree, hypnotism performed by, [924]
• Celilo, Smohalla performances at, [725]
• Cenis, a Caddo synonym, [1092]
• Ceremonial+, see +Ritual.
• Ceremonial smoking by the Arapaho, [918]
• Ceremony of the ghost dance, [915]
• Chahrarat, Pawnee name of the Sioux, [1057]
• Cha′k̔anĭ′nă, a Caddo mythic cave, [1093]
• Chämnä′, location of, [739]
• Chämnä′pûm, sketch of the, [739]
• Chapman, Arthur, interview of, with Wovoka, [766]
• Chasing Hawk, vision of, [797], [821]
• Cha‛tha, Arapaho name of the Comanche, [1043]
• Chaudière, a Colville synonym, [732]
• Cheeschapahdisch+, see +Cheez-tah-paezh.
• Cheez-tah-paezh, account of, [706]
• —, see Sword-bearer.
• Chehalis membership in Shaker church, [759]
• —, Shaker religion among the, [747]
• Chekisschee, a Lower Spokan synonym, [732]
• Chemehuevi, a Paiute offshoot, [1048]
• —, ghost dance among the, [805], [814]
• Cherokee and Iroquois treaty, [670]
• —, cedar in mythology of, [809]
• — conception of the sun, [971]
• — myth of the cedar, [979]
• —, peace pipe of the, [1063]
• —, power of Shawano prophet among, [676]
• —, sacred regard of, for the crow, [982]
• —, sacred regard of, for the eagle, [1100]
• Cheschopah+, see +Cheez-tah-paezh.
• Chese-cha-pahdish+, see +Cheez-tah-paezh.
• Chese-Topah+, see +Cheez-tah-paezh.
• Cheyenne, absence of clans among, [956]
• — and Kiowa early warfare, [1079]
• — and Sioux early warfare, [1059]
• —, Arapaho warrior order derived from, [988]
• — delegates, visit of, to Wovoka, [774], [778], [817], [894], [900], [901]
• —, effect of Porcupine’s visit on the, [819]
• —, fires built by, in ghost dance, [921]
• —, former habitat of the, [1029]
• —, ghost dance among the, [653], [786], [802], [817], [895], [915], [926], [927]
• —, ghost-dance doctrine spread by, [902]
• —, glossary of the, [1039]
• —, knowledge of messiah among, [894]
• — name of the Arapaho, [953]
• — name of the Comanche, [1043]
• — name of the Kiowa Apache, [1081]
• — name of the Sioux, [1057]
• — notion concerning thunder, [969]
• —, population of the, [1025]
• —, religion of the, [775]
• —, reservation experience of the, [833]
• — scouts in Sioux outbreak, [867], [881]
• —, sketch of the, [1024]
• —, songs of the, [1028]
• —, Sword-bearer among the, [706]
• —, symbolic representation of, [789]
• —, synonymy of the, [1023]
• —, tribal divisions of the, [1025]
• Cheyenne River agency, delegates from, to Washington, [891]
• —, delegates from, to Wovoka, [820]
• —, indians of, in Sioux outbreak, [885]
• —, table of rations at, [839]
• —, waning of ghost dance at, [846]
• Children killed at Wounded Knee, [876], [877], [885]
• Chilluckittequaw, a Chilû′ktkwa synonym, [741]
• Chilû′ktkwa, sketch of the, [741]
• Chimnahpum, a Chämnä′pûm synonym, [739]
• Chimnapoos, a Chämnä′pûm synonym, [739]
• Chinachichibat, native name of Dog soldiers, [986]
• Chĭ′nachinĕ′na, an Arapaho priestly order, [989]
• Chinese, indian belief of origin of, [721]
• Chinook, hypnotism among the, [762]
• Chivington and Wounded Knee massacres compared, [881]
• Chohoptins, a Sahaptin synonym, [744]
• Chopunnish, a Pä′lus synonym, [735]
• —, a Sahaptin synonym, [744]
• Christianity, effect of, on indian ceremonials, [718]
• —, influence of, in indian religion, [699]
• —, influence of, in Shaker religion, [750], [761]
• —, influence of, on the Kiowa, [1088]
• —, see Civilization.
• Chualpay, a Colville synonym, [732]
• Chumâ′wa, a Pit river band, [1052]
• Civilization, effect of, on Arapaho and Cheyenne, [1027]
• —, effect of, on indians, [675], [829]
• —, effect of, on savagery, [669]
• —, effect of, on the Caddo, [1094]
• —, see Christianity.
• Clams, Billy, a Shaker enthusiast, [756]
• Clan system unknown to Arapaho, [956]
• — unknown to Comanche, [1044]
• — unknown to Kiowa, [1079]
• Clark, General, visit to, by Känakûk, [693–694]
• Clark, W. P., on Cheyenne characteristics, [1027]
• —, on Cheyenne divisions, [1025]
• —, on Cheyenne early habitat, [1024], [1029]
• —, on meaning of Hunkpapa, [1059]
• —, on meaning of Ogalala, [1058]
• —, on Sioux characteristics, [1059]
• Clarke, Ben, on absence of clans among Cheyenne, [956]
• Claws, animal, use of, in battle, [790]
• — attached to amulet, [904]
• — used in ghost dance, [916]
• Clickahut, a Klû′kătät synonym, [738]
• Clickitat, a Klû′kătät synonym, [738]
• Cloud Horse, visit of, to Wovoka, [797], [819]
• Club men, an Arapaho warrior order, [987]
• Cody, W. F., ordered to arrest Sitting Bull, [854]
• Cœur d’Alênes, present habitat of, [805]
• —, sketch of the, [733]
• Coffey, Dora S., killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Cohonino, ghost dance among the, [785], [811]
• Colby, Gen. L. W., acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, in Sioux outbreak, [876]
• —, letter from McGillycuddy to, [831]
• —, on close of Sioux outbreak, [888]
• —, on killing of Lieutenant Casey, [889]
• —, on mortality at Wounded Knee, [871]
• —, on second encounter at Wounded Knee, [882]
• —, on Sioux outbreak, [861], [867]
• —, Sioux child adopted by, [879]
• Color, differentiation of, by indians, [1032]
• —, sacred, red as a, [1037]
• — symbolism in ghost dance, [919]
• — symbolism in Shaker ceremony, [761]
• — symbolism in Smohalla ritual, [725], [729]
• Columbia region, tribes of the, [731]
• Columbia River indians defined, [716]
• —, a synonym of Wa′napŭm, [735]
• — in Shaker church, [759]
• —, Smohalla doctrine among, [716]
• Columbias, an Isle de Pierre synonym, [734]
• Colville, sketch of the, [732]
• Comanche, absence of clans among, [956]
• — and Kiowa early warfare, [1079]
• — drawings of the ghost dance, [1060]
• —, ghost dance among the, [653], [901], [926–927]
• —, Kiowa inferior to the, [1080]
• — myth concerning thunderbird, [968]
• — name of the Arapaho, [954]
• — name of the Caddo, [1092]
• — name of the Cheyenne, [1023]
• — name of the ghost dance, [791]
• — name of the Kiowa Apache, [1081]
• — name of the Sioux, [1057]
• — name of the whites, [703], [978]
• — name of the Wichita, [1095]
• —, sketch of the, [1043]
• —, songs of the, [1046]
• —, synonymy of the, [1043]
• —, tribal sign of the, [1043]
• Condorcanqui, Peruvian insurrection under, [660]
• Conrad, Captain, orders Selwyn to visit Kuwapi, [799]
• Consecration of dance ground, [918]
• — of the earth, [924]
• — of feathers, [919]
• Cook, R. L., killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Cooke, C. S., interpreter for Sioux delegation, [891]
• Coolidge, Sherman, acknowledgments to, [655]
• Cooper, A., acknowledgments to, [655]
• Cooshatti+, see +Koasati.
• Coospellar, a synonym of Pend d’Oreille, [731]
• Copunnish, a Sahaptin synonym, [744]
• Corn, Arapaho mythic origin of, [959]
• — in Caddo mythology, [1093]
• — in Cheyenne mythology, [1027]
• — Sioux mythic origin of, [1063]
• — pollen used in Navaho ceremonies, [705]
• Coronado on indian dependence on buffalo, [980]
• Corpse-from-a-scaffold, a Cheyenne division, [1026]
• Corwine, R. W., killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Cosĭ′spä+, see +Kasĭ′spä.
• Cosmology explained by Smohalla, [720]
• — of the Arapaho, [959], [983]
• — of the Caddo, [1093]
• — of the Cherokee, [971]
• — of Columbia tribes, [722]
• — of the Paiute, [1050]
• Costello, John, killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Costume of ghost dancers, [788], [814], [916]
• —, see Ghost shirt.
• Coteea′kun+, see +Kotai′aqan.
• Cotonné, a synonym of Kutenai, [731]
• Cottonoi, a synonym of Kutenai, [731]
• Cottonwood in Paiute ghost song, [1055]
• —, sacred character of, [968]
• —, use of, by indians, [967]
• Coutanie, a synonym of Kutenai, [731]
• Coville, F. V., acknowledgments to, [655]
• Cowejo, name applied to Wovoka, [705]
• Cowlitz membership in Shaker church, [759]
• Coxe, D., on Turtle river, [1029]
• Coyote men, duties of, [985]
• Cozad, Belo, acknowledgments to, [655]
• Craft, Father, regard of indians for, [874]
• —, at battle of Wounded Knee, [872]
• —, wounded at Wounded Knee, [878]
• Crazy dance of the Arapaho, [988]
• —, description of the, [1033]
• Crazy men, an Arapaho warrior order, [988]
• Cree, absence of ghost dance among, [817]
• — name of the Cheyenne, [1023]
• —, Tenskwatawa religion among the, [679]
• Creek indians, power of Shawano prophet among, [676]
• —, Tecumtha among the, [687]
• —, war of the, [677]
• Cremation practiced by the Shawano, [674]
• Crook, General, Sioux commissioner, [839]
• —, Sioux regard for, [826]
• Cross, sign of, in Shaker religion, [748], [761]
• —, symbolism of the, [1011]
• Crow, personification of the, [1001], [1035], [1038], [1068]
• —, reference to, in ghost song, [978], [984], [994], [997], [1031]
• —, sacred regard for the, [919], [982], [1072]
• —, symbolism of the, [823], [1072]
• Crow creek, control of indians at, [849]
• Crow dance described, [921]
• —, organization of, [901]
• Crow Dog, ghost dance led by, [847]
• —, removal of, advised, [844]
• —, flight of, to Bad lands, [884]
• —, surrender of, [868]
• Crow feathers, indians defrauded with, [999]
• —, sacred regard for, [1034]
• Crow Foot killed in Sitting Bull fight, [858–859]
• Crow indians, absence of ghost dance among, [816]
• —, account of medicine-man of, [706]
• —, and Sioux early warfare, [1059]
• —, hostility of the, [707]
• —, name of the Arapaho by, [953], [1013]
• —, scouts in the Nez Percé war, [714]
• —, scouts in Sioux outbreak, [850], [881]
• —, symbolic representation of, [789]
• Crow Woman, name applied to Mo‘ki, [1038]
• Crucifix used in Shaker ceremonies, [755]
• Cuimnapum, a Chämnä′pûm synonym, [739]
• Culbertson brothers, outlaws, account of, [889]
• Cumanche, a synonym of Comanche, [1043]
• Cummings, Pierce, killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Custer massacre, references to, [825], [860], [1059]
• —, and Wounded Knee affair compared, [881]
• Custer war, Cheyenne in the, [1025]
• —, Sioux compensated for losses in, [891]
• Cutsahnim, a Yä′kĭmá synonym, [737]
• Cycles of time among indians, [701]
• Dakota, a synonym of Sioux, [1057]
• —, geographic location of, [826]
• —, nonagricultural character of, [838]
• Dalles indians, a Wasko synonym, [741]
• Dance, berry, of northwestern indians, [728]
• —, friendship, introduced by Pa′thĕskĕ, [700]
• —, mortuary, of northwestern indians, [728]
• —, salmon, of northeastern indians, [728]
• — of Arapaho warrior orders, [987]
• — of the Dervishes, [950]
• — of Saint John, account of, [935]
• —, see Crazy dance+, +Crow dance+, +Ghost dance+, +Omaha dance.
• Dance wheel of the Apache, [704]
• Dä′sha-i, a Caddo synonym, [1092]
• Da′tekañ, mystic performances of, [906]
• Dawes, Senator, telegram to, on Sioux trouble, [835]
• Delaware indians, account of, [1095]
• —, delegation of, to Wovoka, [903]
• —, final defeat of, [672]
• —, ghost-dance doctrine among, [786], [902]
• —, opposition of the, to Tecumtha, [684]
• Delaware prophet, account of the, [662]
• Deoñ, acknowledgments to, [655]
• Dervishes, hypnotism among the, [948]
• Dĕ′sa, a Caddo synonym, [1092]
• Des Chutes+ (+Lower), a Waiäm synonym, [741]
• De Soto, Caddo encountered by, [1094]
• Detsăna′yuka, a Comanche band, [1044]
• Detsekayaa, Caddo name of the Arapaho, [953]
• Devil, indian idea of the, [1031]
• De Vreede, Jan, killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Dice game of the Arapaho, [1004]–1005
• Diggers, application of term, [1048]
• —, ghost dance among the, [804]
• Disease cured by ghost dance, [786]
• —, indian notion of origin of, [721]
• Ditsä′kăna, a Comanche band, [1044]
• Dock-spus, a Tûkspû′sh synonym, [743]
• Doctrine of the ghost dance, [777]
• Do‛gu′at, Kiowa name of the Wichita, [1095]
• Dog men, a Cheyenne division, [1026]
• —, an Arapaho warrior order, [988]
• Dog River indians, a Kwikwûlĭt synonym, [741]
• Dog soldiers, insignia of the, [987]
• —, sketch of the, [986]
• Do′k̔ănă, Comanche name for Wichita, [1095]
• Dorsey, J. O., on Omaha game, [1008]
• —, on Siouan camping circles, [1058]
• —, on Siouan names of the Sioux, [1057]
• Dow, Lorenzo, on the Kentucky revival, [943]
• Drake, B., on losses at Prophet’s town, [689]
• —, on Tecumtha, [672], [684], [686], [691]
• Dreamer religion in the northwest, [713], [719]
• Dreams as part of Shaker religion, [748]
• — confounded by indians, [666]
• —, divination by, [716], [723]
• — in ancient times, [929]
• —, indian belief in, [673]
• —, scarification as a result of, [898]
• —, see [Hypnotism], [Trance], [Vision].
• Drexel mission during Wounded Knee trouble, [874]
• Drum in Caddo mythology, [1093]
• — in Crow dance, [922]
• — in Smohalla ritual, [725]
• Drum, Colonel, indian police praised by, [860]
• —, ordered to arrest Sitting Bull, [855]
• Duck in Arapaho mythology, [959]
• Dull Knife, a Cheyenne leader, [1025]
• Dunbar, J. B., on etymology of Arapaho, [1013]
• Dunlap, Robert, acknowledgments to, [655]
• Dunmoi, Laura, Äpiatañ’s letter read by, [911]
• Dunn, —, in Sioux outbreak, [865]
• Dutton, C. E., on submerged trees of Columbia river, [722]
• Dyer, A. C., killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Dyer, D. B., acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, guide on visit to Wovoka, [768]
• —, interpreter on visit to Wovoka, [771]
• Dzĭtsĭstäs, a synonym of Cheyenne, [1023]
• Eagle represented on ghost shirts, [798], [823]
• —, sacred regard for the, [919], [982], [992], [1072], [1100]
• —, vision of, in ghost dance, [917]
• —, when killed by the Caddo, [1093], [1100]
• Eagle-bone whistle used by medicine-man, [868]
• Eagle feathers in Cohonino ceremony, [813]
• —, on ghost shirts, [798]
• —, sacred use of, [992]
• —, song pertaining to, [1100]
• —, use of, by Wovoka, [776]
• — used in ghost dance, [916], [979], [1099], [1101]
• — used in hypnotism, [923], [925]
• Eagle Pipe, flight of, to Bad lands, [884]
• Eagles, how trapped by the Arapaho, [992]
• — kept by pueblo tribes, [992]
• Earth, personification of the, [1096], [1099]
• —, regeneration of the, [959], [1051], [1073]
• —, sacred regard for the, [918]
• —, turtle as a symbol of, [976]
• Earthquake, effect of, on the Creek, [687]
• —, myth concerning, [976]
• —, reference to, in Cheyenne song, [1028]
• Eater+, see +Biäñk̔i.
• Eaters, a Cheyenne division, [1026]
• Echebool, a Tlaqluit synonym, [740]
• Echeloot, a Tlaqluit synonym, [740]
• Eclipse, how regarded by indians, [674]
• —, Paiute notion of, [773]
• — predicted by Smohalla, [720]
• —, Wovoka entranced during, [771]
• Eclipses, calendar of, in Nevada, [774]
• Edson, Casper, Arapaho delegate to Wovoka, [900]
• —, Wovoka’s letter written by, [780]
• Education, how regarded by the Sioux, [837]
• —, see Christianity, [Civilization].
• Edwards, Captain, in Sword-bearer affair, [707]
• Edwardsville, treaty of, [692]
• Eells, Edwin, attitude of, toward Shaker religion, [756]
• Eells, Myron, acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, attitude of, toward Shaker religion, [756]
• —, on Shaker religion, [747]
• —, on Slocum’s trance, [746]
• Elliott, George, killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Eloot, a Tlaqluit synonym, [740]
• Emankina, Biäñk̔i’s vision of, [910]
• Endowment robe of the Mormons, [790]
• Eneeshur, a Tapänäsh synonym, [740]
• English, indian belief of origin of, [721]
• —, indian regard for the, [676]
• Enteatkeon, a tribe mentioned by Stevens, [736]
• E’pea, Biäñk̔i’s vision of, [910]
• Epidemics among the Sioux, [830], [840]
• Estakéwach, a Pit river band, [1052]
• Etsitü′biwat, a Comanche band, [1045]
• Evans on French prophets, [939]
• — on the Kentucky revival, [942]
• — on the Shakers, [942]
• Evĭ′sts-unĭ′‛pahĭs, a Cheyenne division, [1025]
• Ewers, Capt. E. P., ordered to arrest Hump, [862]
• —, Sitting Bull’s fugitives surrendered to, [862]
• Eyackimah, a Yäk̔ĭma synonym, [737]
• Eyeish, a Caddo division, [1092]
• Facial painting by the Arapaho, [971]
• —, ceremonial, [1037]
• — in Smohalla ceremony, [729]
• —, see Painting.
• Fall indians, a synonym of Gros Ventres, [955]
• Fast Thunder, conduct of, in Sioux outbreak, [884]
• — on the Sioux outbreak, [839]
• Fasting as a medium for trances, [700]
• — during eagle trapping, [993]
• — preliminary to ghost dance, [822]
• Feast, ghost dance accompanied by, [1038]
• — in Smohalla ceremony, [729]
• —, sacred, in Sioux ceremony, [824]
• Feather, ghost-dance ceremony of the, [909], [919]
• Feathers as medium of exchange, [992]
• — as protecting “medicine”, [790]
• — attached to amulet, [904]
• —, ceremonial use of, [999]
• —, crow, indians defrauded with, [901]
• —, crow, sacred regard for, [1034]
• —, eagle, attached to ghost shirts, [798]
• —, eagle, Caddo sacred use of, [1093]
• —, eagle, in Cohonino ceremony, [813]
• —, eagle, sacred use of, [992]
• —, eagle, song pertaining to, [1100]
• —, eagle, used in hypnotism, [923], [925]
• —, eagle, used in ghost dance, [916], [979], [1099], [1101]
• —, eagle, used in war bonnets, [1072]
• —, head, of the Arapaho, [964], [965]
• — in Smohalla ceremony, [729]
• —, Kiowa robe of, [906]
• —, magpie, ceremonial use of, [999]
• —, magpie, presented by Wovoka, [901]
• —, magpie, prized by Paiute, [775]
• —, sacred use of, by Wovoka, [776]
• —, symbolism of, in ghost dance, [789]
• —, turkey, on Cheyenne arrows, [1024]
• — used in Crow dance, [922]
• —, use of, in ghost dance, [786], [919], [1084]
• Fechét, Capt. E. G., at arrest of Sitting Bull, [856], [857]
• —, pursuit of Sitting Bull’s warriors by, [858]
• Fewkes, J. W., on Hopi use of bull-roarer, [975]
• Few Tails affair, account of, [889], [890]
• Fifth-monarchy men, account of, [938]
• Fingers, human, necklace of, [1024]
• Fire, forest, how regarded by indians, [808]
• — handling by crazy dancers, [1033]
• — in Caddo mythology, [1093]
• — in ghost-dance circle, [915], [921]
• — in ghost-dance doctrine, [786]
• —, in Paiute dance circle, [802]
• —, Paiute mythic origin of, [1051]
• —, sacred, method of making, [668]
• —, sacred regard for, [919], [1070]
• — tabued, in certain ghost dances, [802]
• Fire Thunder, acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, visit of, to Wovoka, [894]
• Fisheaters, a Paiute band, [818], [1051]
• Fiske, John, on turtle in primitive mythology, [976]
• Flag, heraldic, of Smohalla, [725], [726]
• —, use of, in ghost dance, [823]
• Flagellants, account of the, [935]
• Flags used in Smohalla ceremony, [729]
• Flatbow, a synonym of Kutenai, [731]
• Flathead indians, land treaty with, [731]
• —, present habitat of, [805]
• Fletcher, Agent, on Winnebago cycles, [701]
• Flood in ghost-dance doctrine, [788]
• — predicted in ghost-dance doctrine, [784]
• —, see [Cosmology].
• Fog in Paiute ghost song, [1054]
• Food, berries used as, [1087]
• —, cottonwood pith used as, [967]
• —, grass seed used as, [1054]
• — of Columbia river tribes, [722]
• —, process of jerking beef for, [1066]
• —, rose seeds used as, [978]
• —, thunder-berries used as, [996]
• —, see Pemmican.
• Forks-of-the-river men, an Arapaho division, [956]
• Forrest, H. R., killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Forsyth+, +Colonel, at Wounded Knee massacre, [870]
• —, at surrender of Big Foot, [867]
• —, operations of, in Sioux outbreak, [875]
• —, troops under, at Pine Ridge, [850]
• Fort Hall, ghost dance at, [807]
• Fort Wayne, passage of indian delegations through, [684]
• —, Tecumtha at, [690]
• Foster, E. W., on Selwyn’s interview with Kuwapi, [798]
• Foster, Governor, Sioux commissioner, [839]
• Fox, George, claims of, [937]
• Fox indians, ghost dance among the, [902]
• Fox men, an Arapaho warrior order, [987]
• Francischetti, Dominic, killed at Wounded Knee, [872], [875]
• French and indian war, reference to, [663]
• Frenchmen, indian belief of origin of, [721]
• —, indian regard for, [676]
• —, settlement of, among indians, [662]
• French prophets, account of the, [938]
• Frey, Henry, killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Friday, visit of, to Wovoka, [817], [894]
• Friendship dance, introduced by Pa′thĕskĕ, [700]
• Furniture of the Arapaho, [964]
• —, of the Paiute, [770]
• Gahe′wa, a Kiowa synonym, [1078]
• Gaisberg, F. W. V., acknowledgments to, [655]
• Gallagher, Agent, arrest of Sioux delegates by, [820]
• —, ghost dance stopped by, [847]
• —, on reduction of Sioux rations, [845]
• —, resignation of, [845]
• —, Selwyn’s report to, [798], [799]
• Gambling song of the Paiute, [1009]
• Game, awl, of plains tribes, [1002]–1004
• —, băti′qtûba, of the Arapaho, [994], [1007]
• — of hunt-the-button, [1008]–1009
• Game, restoration of, predicted by indians, [787], [788], [797]
• —, see [Buffalo].
• Games of the Arapaho, [962]
• Game-sticks, reference to, in ghost song, [1007]
• Game wheel in ghost dance, [916]
• — in Sioux ceremony, [823]
• Gardiner, —, on causes of Sioux outbreak, [840]
• Gardner cited on Mohammedanism, [931]
• Garlands in Shaker ceremony, [761]
• Garlington, Lieut. E. A., wounded at Wounded Knee, [871]
• Ga′taqka, Pawnee name of Kiowa Apache, [1081]
• Gatsalghi, Kiowa Apache name of the Cheyenne, [1023]
• Gatschet, A. S., on etymology of Tecumtha, [682]
• —, on the name Tushipa, [731]
• Gattacka, name of Kiowa Apache, [1081]
• Ga′wunĕhäna, an Arapaho division, [957]
• Gawunĕ′na, an Arapaho division, [957]
• Genesis myth of the Paiute, [1050]
• —, see [Cosmology].
• Gentile system, see [Clan].
• Geologic phenomena, indian tradition concerning, [722]
• Ghost dance among the Arapaho, [895]
• — among the Caddo, [1095]
• — among the Kiowa, [906]
• — among the Sioux, [796]
• — among southern tribes, [887]
• — and Shaker ceremony compared, [762]
• —, area covered by, [926]
• —, ceremony of the, [915], [920]
• —, construction of circle for, [802]
• — doctrine compared with other systems, [928]
• —, doctrine of the, [777]
• — doctrine, Sioux belief concerning, [1060]
• —, features of, among Sioux, [822]
• —, first, at Walker lake, [802]
• —, how performed, [796]
• —, inauguration of, among Sioux, [821]
• — introduced among the Arapaho, [894]
• — introduced among Cheyenne, [895]
• —, Kiowa, number of attendants at, [914]
• —, native drawings of, [1060]
• —, native names of, [791]
• —, large number of indians in, [895], [898]
• —, number of indians influenced by, [926]
• — performed at Walker lake, [818]
• —, preparations for the, [918]
• —, present condition of the, [927]
• —, responsibility of, for Sioux outbreak, [833]
• —, spread of the, [804], [846], [902]
• —, time for performance of, [1011], [1012]
• —, see [Messiah], [Wovoka].
• Ghost shirts, description of, [789]
• —, first use of, by Sioux, [846], [916]
• — gathered after Wounded Knee battle, [878]
• —, invulnerability of, [798], [831], [869], [1073]
• —, reference to, in ghost song, [1072], [1073]
• —, responsibility for, disclaimed by Wovoka, [772], [791]
• —, symbolic decoration of, [798], [823]
• —, turtle pictured on, [976]
• —, use of, among Sioux, [788], [915]
• —, use of, among various tribes, [791]
• Ghost song, see [Song].
• Gill, De Lancey W., acknowledgments to, [655]
• Gĭnä′s, Wichita name of Kiowa Apache, [1081]
• Glennan, Dr J. D., at Wounded Knee massacre, [870]
• Glossary of the Arapaho, [1012]
• — of the Caddo, [1102]
• — of the Cheyenne, [1039]
• — of the Kiowa, [1088]
• — of the Paiute, [1056]
• — of the Sioux, [1075]
• God, indian idea of, [1031]
• Godbe, W. S., acknowledgments to, [655]
• Goodale, Elaine, on causes of Sioux outbreak, [840]
• Good Lance on the Sioux outbreak, [839]
• Good Thunder, visit of, to Wovoka, [797], [819], [820]
• —, vision of son of, [797], [821]
• Goose in Tlaqluit myth, [740]
• Gosiute confounded with the Paiute, [1048]
• —, ghost dance among the, [805]
• Grace at meals by Shakers, [755]
• Graham, —, quoted on Känakûk, [693–694]
• Grass, John, conduct of, in Sioux outbreak, [884]
• Grass seed used as food, [1054]
• Grauberg, Herman, killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Gray Bear, another name of Weasel Bear, [959]
• Greasy Faces, an Arapaho division, [956]
• Great Spirit, Känakûk’s ideas concerning, [695]
• Greenville, indian assemblage at, [683]
• —, treaty of, [671]
• Greeting, religious, described, [905]
• Gregory, J. O., cited concerning Wovoka, [773]
• Grinnell, G. B., acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, on absence of ghost dance among Blackfeet, [817]
• —, on Blackfoot Dog soldiers, [986]
• —, on Blackfoot eagle trapping, [993]
• —, on Cheyenne divisions, [1025], [1026]
• —, on Cheyenne ghost dance, [915]
• —, on etymology of Arapaho, [1014]
• —, on ghost dance among Cheyenne, [819]
• —, on Pawnee name of the Sioux, [1057]
• —, on the name Arapaho, [953]
• Gros Ventres, an Arapaho subtribe, [954]
• —, ghost dance among the, [817]
• Gros Ventres of the Missouri, Hidatsa so called, [955]
• Gros Ventres of the prairie, an Arapaho division, [955]
• Guerrier, Edward, visit of, to Wovoka, [901]
• Gu′i-pä′go, native name of Lone Wolf, [1079]
• Gyai-ko, Kiowa name of the Comanche, [1043]
• Hădai′i, a Caddo division, [1092]
• Hăhau′, location of, [739]
• Hăhau′pûm, sketch of the, [739]
• Hai-ai′nĭma, a Sanpoil synonym, [733]
• Hai′-ĭsh, a Caddo division, [1092]
• Hail, symbolism of, in ghost dance, [789]
• Hai′-nai, a Caddo division, [1092]
• —, ghost songs of the, [1099]
• Hair, buffalo, use of, in medicine, [980], [981], [1033]
• —, cutting of, as mortuary custom, [782]
• Hairy men, a Cheyenne division, [1025]
• Hale, Lieut. H. E., in Sioux outbreak, [862]
• —, ordered to arrest Sitting Bull fugitives, [862]
• —, Sitting Bull fugitives arrested by, [863]
• Halitane, a synonym of Comanche, [1043]
• Hamefku′ttelli, a Pit river band, [1052]
• Hamilton, William, on prayer-stick symbolism, [699]
• Hänä′chä-thi′ăk, Arapaho name of Sitting Bull, [894]
• Ha′nahawunĕna, an Arapaho division, [956]
• Hanford, Judge, decision of, in land severalty case, [757]
• Hantéwa, a Pit river band, [1052]
• Ha′qihana, an Arapaho division, [957]
• Hare, Bishop W. H., on causes of Sioux outbreak, [840]
• —, on deficiency of Sioux rations, [827]
• Harrison, Gen. W. H., conference of Tecumtha with, [685], [686]
• —, on Tecumtha, [686]
• —, treaty pipe, [688]
• Harry, Jack, Delaware delegate to Wovoka, [903]
• Hasi′nai, a Caddo synonym, [1092]
• —, application of term, [1093]
• Hasi′ni, a Caddo synonym, [1092]
• Haters, a Cheyenne division, [1025]
• Hä′thahu′ha, an Arapaho warrior order, [987]
• Havasupai, ghost dance among the, [654]
• —, see [Cohonino].
• Hawk feathers, ceremonial use of, [992]
• Hawk Man at arrest of Sitting Bull, [856]
• Hawthorne, Lieut. H. L., wounded at Wounded Knee, [871]
• Hayden, F. V., on Arapaho name of Sioux, [1057]
• —, on the Blackfeet, [957]
• Hayden, Lieut. John, operations of, at Wounded Knee, [876]
• Haywood, Charles, killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Head feathers of the Arapaho, [964], [965]
• Head washing in Cohonino, ceremony, [813]
• Heavenly map of Känakûk, [666], [694]
• Heavenly recruits, account of, [947]
• Heavy eyebrows, a Cheyenne division, [1026]
• Hebrews, supposed indian descent from, [703]
• Heckewelder on the Kickapoo prophet, [666]
• He Dog, delegate to Washington, [891]
• Helwit, a Tlaqluit synonym, [740]
• Hennisee, Captain, ordered to arrest Big Foot’s band, [865]
• Henry, Major, operations of, in Sioux outbreak, [875]
• —, troops under, at Pine Ridge, [850]
• Hero gods of indian tribes, [658]
• Hĕthĕ′hině′na, an Arapaho warrior order, [988]
• Hĕwă-tä′niuw, a Cheyenne division, [1025]
• Hichăä′quthi, an Arapaho warrior order, [987]
• Hidatsa name of the Cheyenne, [1023]
• — name of the Sioux, [1057]
• High Backbone killed at Wounded Knee, [871], [872]
• High Hawk, flight of, to Bad lands, [884]
• High Wolf, visit of, to southern tribes, [908]
• Hihighenimmo, a Sanpoil synonym, [733]
• Hillers, J. K., acknowledgments to, [655]
• Hindu, turtle in mythology of, [976]
• Hitäniwoĭv, Cheyenne name of the Arapaho, [953]
• Hïtäsina, Arapaho name of the Cheyenne, [1023]
• Hitu′nĕna, an Arapaho division, [955]
• Hmĭ′sĭs, a Cheyenne division, [1025], [1026]
• Hoddentin, see [Pollen].
• Hodges, W. T., killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Hogăpägoni, Shoshoni name of the Paiute, [1048]
• Hohe, Cheyenne name of Asiniboin, [1024]
• Hohilpo, a Kutenai band, [731]
• Hopi, knowledge of ghost dance among, [811]
• — name of the Paiute, [1048]
• — name of the whites, [978]
• —, use of bull-roarer by, [975]
• Hopkins, Albert, and the Sioux outbreak, [893]
• Horns used in ghost dance, [916]
• Horse headdress, a Kiowa warrior order, [989]
• Horsemanship of Sioux police, [856]
• — of the Comanche, [1046]
• Horses as medium of exchange, [992]
• —, indian belief as to origin of, [724]
• —, possession of, by the Sioux, [824]
• Hosa, native name of Little Raven, [957]
• Hotă′mi-tä′niuw’, a Cheyenne division, [1026]
• Hot Springs indians, Pit River indians so called, [1052]
• Houses of the Caddo, [1094]
• — of the Paiute, [770]
• — of the Wichita, [1095]
• —, see Lodge, [Sweat-lodge], [Wikiup].
• Howard, Henry, killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Howard, Gen. O. O., appointed indian commissioner, [711]
• —, on the Dreamer religion, [713]
• Howling Bull, hypnotism produced by, [895]
• Hubbub, game of, [1004]
• Huggins, Capt. E. L., acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, quoted on Smohalla, [717], [723]
• Huma′whi, a Pit river band, [1052]
• Hummer of the Arapaho, [974], [975]
• Hump, ghost dance at camp of, [847]
• — at surrender of Sitting Bull fugitives, [863]
• —, participation of, in Sioux outbreak, [861]
• —, removal of, recommended, [848]
• —, surrender of, [860]
• —, arrest of, [862]
• —, surrender of band of, [871]
• Hunkpapa, a Teton division, [1058]
• Hurst, Capt. J. H., on causes of Sioux trouble, [836]
• —, on character of Sioux rations, [827]
• —, arrest of Sitting Bull’s band ordered by, [862]
• —, at arrest of Sitting Bull’s band, [863]
• —, appointed indian agent, [887]
• Hurst, Major, at battle of Prophet’s town, [688]
• Hyde, Charles L., notification by, of Sioux outbreak, [843]
• Hypnotism among the Caddo, [904]
• — among the Cohonino, [813]
• — among the Dervishes, [948]
• — in the Crow dance, [922]
• — in the ghost dance, [799], [800], [895], [899], [916], [917], [919], [922–926], [972], [1039], [1083], [1097], [1098]
• — in indian ceremonies, [922]
• — in Navaho ceremonies, [811]
• — in Shaker ceremony, [762]
• — practiced by Wovoka, [775], [818], [901]
• —, see [Dream], [Trance].
• Iätä-go, Kiowa name of the Ute, [1043]
• Iatan, a synonym of Comanche, [1043]
• Ĭbidsíi, a Paiute goddess, [1051]
• Idahi, Kiowa Apache name of the Comanche, [1043]
• Ietan, a synonym of Comanche, [1043]
• Ietau, a synonym of Comanche, [1043]
• Igiagyähona, acknowledgments to, [655]
• Ihanktuñwañ, a Sioux division, [1058]
• Ike, Charles, on Shaker religion, [760]
• —, on Smohalla ceremony, [727]
• —, portrait of, [728]
• Ilma′wi, a Pit river band, [1052]
• I′măha, a Caddo division, [1092]
• Immortality in ghost-dance doctrine, [786]
• Imohalla, a Smohalla synonym, [717]
• Incense in Sioux ceremony, [823]
• Incomecane′took, an Okanagan division, [734]
• Indian Office, acknowledgments to, [655]
• Indian Sam on ghost-dance doctrine, [784]
• Inspellum, a Nespelim synonym, [733]
• —, an Okanagan division, [734]
• In-the-middle, See [Pa-iñgya].
• Intie′took, an Okanagan division, [734]
• Inûna-ina, a synonym of Arapaho, [953]
• Ioni, a Caddo division, [1092]
• Iowa, absence of ghost-dance among the, [816]
• —, ghost dance among the, [902]
• —, a Sanpoil synonym, [733]
• Iroquois and Cherokee treaty, [670]
• Isañati, a Santee synonym, [1058]
• Ĭsium-itä’niuw’, a Cheyenne division, [1025]
• Isle de Pierre, sketch of, [734]
• Itahatski, Hidatsa name of the Sioux, [1057]
• Ităsupuzi, Hidatsa name of the Cheyenne, [1023]
• Itazipko, a Teton division, [1059]
• Jackson, H. H., cited on Nez Percé war, [714]
• Jackson, Richard, appointed minister of Shaker church, [758]
• James, William, elected elder of Shaker church, [758]
• —, land presented to Shaker church by, [758]
• Janney, S. M., cited on the Quakers, [937], [938]
• Jerked beef, how prepared, [1066]
• Jetan, a synonym of Comanche, [1043]
• Jicarilla, absence of ghost dance among, [805]
• Joan of Arc and Smohalla compared, [719]
• —, hallucination of compared with ghost-dance doctrine, [932]
• Jocko reserve, indians on, [805]
• John Day indians, a Tûkspû′sh synonym, [743]
• —, present habitat of, [805]
• John Day Rivers, a Tûkspû′sh synonym, [743]
• Johnson, G. P., killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Johnson, John, name applied to Wovoka, [765]
• Joseph, Chief, and the Nez Percé war, [711]
• —, of Cayuse blood, [744]
• —, refusal of, to recognize treaty, [745]
• Josephus, description of Wovoka’s inspiration by, [772]
• Jumpers, account of the, [939]
• Jutz, Father John, interview with, [874]
• —, at Wounded Knee, [872], [878]
• —, Sioux conference effected by, [867]
• Kä′dohădä′cho, a Caddo synonym, [1029]
• —, account of the, [1093]
• — early encountered by French, [1094]
• Kahlispelm, a synonym of Pend d’Oreille, [731]
• Kahmiltpah, a Qamĭl-‛lĕma synonym, [736], [738]
• Kâ′igwŭ, a Kiowa division, [1079]
• Kâ′itseñ′ko, a Kiowa warrior order, [989]
• Kâ′igwŭ, proper name of the Kiowa, [1078]
• Kai-wă, a Kiowa synonym, [1078]
• Kalispelines, a synonym of Pend d’Oreille, [731]
• Kalispelusses, a synonym of Pend d’Oreille, [731]
• Kamai′äkan, a Yakima war chief, [722], [737]
• Kanaheăwastsĭk, Cree name of the Cheyenne, [1023]
• Känakûk, account of, [666], [692]
• —, adherents to doctrine of, [902]
• —, end of, [700]
• Kaninahoic, Ojibwa name of the Arapaho, [953]
• Kaninăvish, Ojibwa name of the Arapaho, [953]
• Kansa, ghost dance among the, [902]
• — name of the Comanche, [1043]
• — name of the Sioux, [1057]
• Ka′ntsi, Caddo name of Kiowa Apache, [1081]
• Kasĭ′spä, a Pälus village, [735]
• Kataka, name of Kiowa Apache, [1081]
• Kawinahan, an Arapaho division, [957]
• Kayuse, a Cayuse synonym, [743]
• Keam, T. V., acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, on Cohonino ghost dance, [813]
• Keechies, a synonym of Kichai, [1095]
• Keeps-his-name-always, see [Da′tekañ].
• Kehtipaquononk, proper form of Tippecanoe, [684]
• Kellespem, a synonym of Pend d’Oreille, [731]
• Kelley, James E., killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Kellner, August, killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Kendall, E. A., cited on the Shawano, [673]
• —, quoted on Shawano prophet, [675]
• Kendall, Frank, account of Tävibo by, [703]
• Kentucky revival, account of the, [942]
• Kerr, Capt., attacked by hostile Sioux, [882]
• Ketetas, a Ќ′tătäs synonym, [736]
• Kettle Falls, a Colville synonym, [732]
• Kewa′tsăna, a Comanche band, [1045]
• Kewaughtchenunaugh, an Okanagan division, [734]
• Kichai, acknowledgments to, [655]
• Kichai indians, account of the, [1095]
• —, ghost dance introduced among, [902]
• — name of the Cheyenne, [1023]
• — name of the Comanche, [1043]
• — name of the Kiowa Apache, [1081]
• — name of the Sioux, [1057]
• — name of the Wichita, [1095]
• —, status of the, [1093]
• Kickapoo, absence of ghost dance among, [816]
• —, ghost dance among the, [900], [902]
• —, land cession by the, [692]
• —, present condition of the, [700]
• —, Potawatomi prophet among the, [705]
• —, southern migration of the, [692]
• —, use of prayer stick by the, [697]
• Kickapoo Prophet, see [Känakûk].
• Kicking Bear, a ghost-dance leader, [847]
• —, portrait of, [853]
• —, delegate to Wovoka, [820], [894]
• —, visit of, to the Arapaho, [798], [820]
• —, ghost dance led by, [854]
• —, ghost-dance mission of, [817]
• —, operations of, in Sioux outbreak, [881]
• —, Cheyenne scouts attacked by, [867]
• —, Pine Ridge agency attacked by, [873]
• —, flight of, to Bad lands, [850], [852]
• —, continued retreat of, [867]
• —, surrender of, demanded, [887]
• —, surrender of, [868]
• Kigaltwalla, a Kwikwûlĭt synonym, [741]
• Kimooenim, location of the, [745]
• Kiñep, a Kiowa division, [1079]
• King George men, application of name, [721]
• Kiowa, absence of clans among, [956]
• —, account of the, [1078]
• — and Sioux early warfare, [1059]
• —, cedar used in ghost dance of, [809]
• —, confederation of Comanche with, [1044]
• —, ghost dance among the, [786], [802], [895], [898], [902], [906], [908]
• —, present condition of dance among, [914], [927]
• —, glossary of the, [1088]
• —, migration of the, [1044]
• — name of ghost dance, [791]
• — name of the Arapaho, [953], [954]
• — name of Arapaho divisions, [955]
• — name of the Caddo, [1092]
• — name of the Cheyenne, [1023]
• — name of the Comanche, [1043]
• — name of the Kiowa Apache, [1081]
• — name of the Sioux, [1057]
• — name of the whites, [978]
• — name of the Wichita, [1095]
• —, sacred regard of, for cedar, [979]
• —, synonymy of the, [1078]
• —, tribal sign of the, [1078]
• —, warrior organization of the, [989]
• Kiowa Apache, account of the, [1081]
• — name of the Arapaho, [953]
• — name of the Cheyenne, [1023]
• — name of the Comanche, [1043]
• Kĭri′năhĭs, Kichai name of Kiowa Apache, [1081]
• Ki′tikĭti′sh, native name of the Wichita, [1095]
• Ki′tsäsh, native name of the Kichai, [1095]
• Kitunaha, a synonym of Kutenai, [731]
• Kituna′qa+, see +Kutenai.
• Ќka′săwi, sketch of the, [739]
• Ќka′săwi-‛lĕma, a Ќka′săwi synonym, [739]
• Klamath, present habitat of the, [805]
• Klamath reserve, indians on, [805]
• Klikatat, a Klû′kŭtät synonym, [738]
• —, absence of Smohalla religion among, [727]
• Klinquit, mention of the, [738]
• Klû′kătät, sketch of the, [738]
• Koasati mixed with the Caddo, [1093]
• Kʿodalpä-Kʿiñago, Kiowa name of the Sioux, [1057]
• Ko‛gu′i, a Kiowa division, [1079]
• Koho′, a Caddo gens, [1093]
• Koit-tsow, name applied to Wovoka, [765]
• Komseka-Kʿiñahyup, Kiowa name of the Arapaho, [954]
• Koñtä′lyui, a Kiowa division, [1079]
• Kootenai, a synonym of Kutenai, [731]
• Korn, Gustav, killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Kotai′aqan, a supporter of Smohalla, [721]
• —, Smohalla ceremony conducted by, [727]
• Kotsa′i, a Comanche band, [1045]
• Ko′tso-tĕ′ka, a Comanche band, [1045]
• Kotso′-tĭkăra, name applied to the Bannock, [1051]
• Koutaine, a synonym of Kutenai, [731]
• Ko-wee-jow, name applied to Wovoka, [767]
• Kowwassayee, a Kʿka′săwi synonym, [738], [739]
• Kʾ′tătäs, a Piskwaus band, [736]
• Kʾtătäs-lĕ′ma, a Kʾ′tătäs synonym, [736]
• Kʿu′ato, a Kiowa division, [1079], [1080]
• Kullas-Palus, a synonym of Pend d’Oreille, [731]
• Ku′shpĕlu, a synonym of Pend d’Oreille, [731]
• Kutenai, account of the, [731]
• —, present habitat of the, [805]
• Kutneha, a synonym of Kutenai, [731]
• Kû′tsano′t, a former Yakima chief, [737]
• Kuwapi, account of messiah by, [799]
• Kvit-Tsow, name applied to Wovoka, [765]
• Kwa′hădi, a Comanche band, [1045]
• Kwana, see [Parker, Quanah].
• Kwikwû′līt, sketch of the, [741]
• Kwohitsauq, name applied to Wovoka, [765], [771]
• Kwŭ’da, a Kiowa synonym, [1078]
• Laaptin, a Sahaptin synonym, [744]
• Lacombe, A., on etymology of pemmican, [1067]
• Lahannas, probable identification of, [732]
• Läitanes, a synonym of Comanche, [1043]
• Lake indians, account of the, [732]
• Lakota, a synonym of Sioux, [1057]
• Lakota-Kokipa-Koshkala, Sioux name of Royer, [848]
• Lance, flight of, to Bad lands, [884]
• Lance, use of, by Arapaho warriors, [988], [989]
• —, use of, by Kiowa warriors, [990]
• Land treaty with Cheyenne and Arapaho, [899]
• —, see [Treaty].
• Land severalty bill, effect of, on northwestern tribes, [757]
• Language, Arapaho, characteristics of, [1012]
• —, Cheyenne, characteristics of, [1027]
• —, Comanche, characteristics of, [1046]
• —, Kiowa, characteristics of, [1080]–1081
• —, Paiute, characteristics of, [1050]
• —, Sioux, characteristics of, [1060]
• —, Sioux, dialects of the, [1058]
• —, see [Glossary].
• La Playe, a synonym of Comanche, [1043]
• Lapwai, mission established at, [745]
• Lartielo, a Spokan synonym, [732]
• La Salle, Kiowa Apache mentioned by, [1081]
• Laulewasikaw, revelation of, [672]
• Lea, Agent, Rosebud census by, [830]
• Lee, Ann, founder of the Shakers, [941]
• Lee, Capt. J. M., acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, account of Tävibo by, [701]
• —, appointed indian agent, [887]
• —, on Paiute ghost dance, [784]
• —, on Sioux story of sacred pipe, [1062]
• —, on Wovoka’s father, [765]
• —, respect of indians for, [888]
• Left-hand, an Arapaho chief, [779], [957]
• —, ghost song composed by, [961]
• —, land treaty signed by, [899]
• Left-hand, Grant, acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, crow dance organized by, [901]
• —, delegate to Wovoka, [900]
• —, in the ghost dance, [1038], [1039]
• —, song composed by wife of, [1032], [1035], [1036], [1038]
• Lepage, name applied to John Day river, [743]
• Letter from Äpiatañ to the Kiowa, [911]
• — from Wovoka, [776], [780], [781]
• Lewis and Clark among Columbia river tribes, [742]
• —, mention of Wheelpoo by, [732]
• — on Arapaho habitat, [956]
• — on Cheyenne early habitat, [1024]
• — on the Coospellar, [732]
• — on the Kiowa Apache, [1081]
• — on the Kutenai, [731]
• — on the Sahaptin, [745]
• —, the Sokulk met by, [735]
• L’Iatan, a synonym of Comanche, [1043]
• Liaywas, mention of the, [738]
• Light from coal-oil, Shaker idea concerning, [749]
• Lightning, indian notion concerning, [968]
• — in Paiute ghost song, [1054]
• Linkinse, an Isle de Pierre synonym, [734]
• Little, a Sioux prisoner, [848]
• Little Bow, acknowledgments to, [655]
• Little Chief, Cheyenne delegate to Wovoka, [895]
• Little-no-heart, delegate to Washington, [891]
• Little Raven, an Arapaho chief, [957]
• —, delegate to Wovoka, [900]
• —, song composed by, [998]
• Little Woman, songs composed by, [1032], [1035], [1036], [1038]
• Little Wound, conduct of, in Sioux outbreak, [884]
• —, ghost-dance council held by, [820]
• — ignored in Sioux difficulty, [832]
• —, Kicking Bear’s surrender effected by, [868]
• —, operations of, in Sioux outbreak, [881]
• Lodge, Smohalla ceremonial, [726]
• —, see [House], [Wikiup], [Sweat-lodge].
• Logan, James, killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Lohĭm, habitat of the, [742]
• —, sketch of the, [743]
• Lone Wolf, a Kiowa chief, [1079]
• Long, —, on Cheyenne name of Sioux, [1057]
• Looking-glass, a Nez Percé chief, [714]
• Looking-up, an Arapaho division, [957]
• Lost Bird, see [Zitkala-noni].
• Lower Brulé agency, control of indians at, [849]
• Mackinaw, meaning of, [976]
• MacMurray, Maj. J. W., acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, on Columbia indian cosmology, [722]
• —, on eclipses predicted by Smohalla, [720]
• —, on indian troubles in the northwest, [716]
• —, on Smohalla, [717], [718]
• —, on Smohalla religion, [719], [725]
• Magpie held sacred in ghost dance, [823], [982]
• Magpie feathers, ceremonial use of, [999]
• — presented by Wovoka, [901]
• — prized by Paiute, [775]
• Mallery, Garrick, on Sioux pipe legend, [1063]
• Mammals, indian tradition concerning, [722]
• Mandan, ghost dance among the, [817]
• Mann, Lieut. James D., killed at Wounded Knee, [872], [875]
• Mann, M. G., Puget Sound missionary, [760]
• Mânposo′tiguan, Kiowa name of ghost dance, [791]
• Maqpe-Luta, native name of Red Cloud, [1058]
• Maqpi′ăto, Sioux name of the Arapaho, [954]
• Maranshobishgo, Cheyenne name of the Sioux, [1057]
• Margry, Pierre, use of term Läitanes by, [1043]
• Marguerite, survivor of Wounded Knee, [878], [879]
• Maricopa, absence of ghost dance among, [805]
• Martin, J. T., cited on Shaker ceremony, [748]
• Martin, T. P., acknowledgments to, [655]
• Martinez, Andres, acknowledgments to, [655]
• Ma′se′p, a Caddo synonym, [1092]
• Mason valley, description of, [765], [769]
• Matsĭ′shkota, a Cheyenne division, [1026]
• Matthews, Washington, acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, on etymology of Nakaĭ-doklĭ′ni, [705]
• —, on ghost dance among the Navaho, [809]
• —, on Hidatsa name of the Sioux, [1057]
• —, on Navaho hypnotism, [811]
• —, on present condition of the Navaho, [809]
• —, on significance of Navaho songs, [1009]
• McClintock, W. F., killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• McCue, J. M., killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• McCullough, John, a Delaware captive, [668]
• McGillycuddy, V. T., management of indians by, [845], [852]
• —, on causes of Sioux outbreak, [831], [840]
• —, on Sioux outbreak, [888]
• —, relieved as indian agent, [828]
• McKenney and Hall on Tecumtha among the Creek, [687]
• McLain, Miss L., acknowledgments to, [655]
• McLaughlin, James, advises against immediate arrest of Sitting Bull, [852], [854]
• —, advises removal of Sitting Bull, [848]
• —, effort of, to arrest Sitting Bull’s band, [860]
• —, effort of, to arrest Kicking Bear, [847]
• —, indian police praised by, [859]
• —, interview of, with Sitting Bull, [849]
• —, on Sioux ghost dance, [787]
• —, on the Sioux outbreak, [843]
• —, Sitting Bull’s arrest arranged by, [855]
• —, Sitting Bull’s removal advised by, [854]
• Mde-wakañ-toñwañ, a Sioux division, [1058]
• Meacham, A. D., on Smohalla religion, [711]
• —, on character of Columbia river tribal lands, [709]
• Meatwho, a Mitani synonym, [734]
• Medal of Greenville treaty, [671]
• —, presented to Äpiatañ, [914]
• Medewacanton, a Sioux division, [1058]
• Medicine, practice of, by Shakers, [761]
• —, rites of, before battle, [689]
• —, see [Disease].
• Medicine-arrow ceremony, [1026]
• Medicine bags, destruction of, during Shawano craze, [679]
• —, use of, condemned by Känakûk, [694]
• Medicine Lodge, treaty of, in 1867, [957]
• Medicine-men defined, [980]
• —, position of, in ghost dance, [916]
• Meil, J. W., killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Mĕli′‛lĕma, a Tenino synonym, [742]
• Menard, L., acknowledgments to, [655]
• Merriam, Colonel, operation of, against Big Foot, [865]
• —, troops under, in Sioux outbreak, [850]
• Merrick, J. L., cited on Mohammedanism, [932]
• Mescalero, absence of ghost dance among, [805]
• Mescal rite introduced among the Caddo, [904]
• Meshon, a Mitaui synonym, [734]
• Messenger, another name of Biäñk̔i, [909]
• Messiah, idea of, among various peoples, [658]
• — craze, responsibility of, for Sioux outbreak, [828], [831]
• —, see [Wovoka].
• Metal, tabu of, in ghost dance, [798]
• Meteowwee, a Mitaui synonym, [734]
• Methodists, account of, [939]
• Methow, a Mitaui synonym, [734]
• Mezo, Wm. S., killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Miami, opposition of, to Tecumtha, [684]
• Miayŭma, a Cheyenne division, [1026]
• Michigan Historical Society, Pontiac manuscript deposited with, [663]
• Micksucksealton, a Kutenai band, [731]
• Miles, Gen. N. A., on aspect of Wounded Knee affairs, [874]
• —, in Nez Percé war, [714]
• —, on causes of ghost dance, [816]
• —, on causes of Sioux outbreak, [826], [833], [843]
• —, on dispatch of troops in Sioux outbreak, [852]
• —, on mortality at Wounded Knee, [870], [871]
• —, operations of, in Sioux outbreak, [850], [882], [887], [888], [890]
• —, opinion of, on Sioux excitement, [849]
• —, on Sitting Bull, [861]
• —, on reduction of Sioux rations, [827]
• Milky way, indian conception of, [1053]
• Miller, Henry, killed at Wounded Knee, [871], [881]
• Miller, William, an Adventist, [944]
• Minikañzu, a Teton division, [1059]
• Minitari, ghost dance among the, [817]
• —, see [Hidatsa].
• Missionaries at Wounded Knee, [874], [875], [878]
• Mission fight, description of the, [875]
• Mission indians, ghost dance among the, [804]
• Missions among the Caddo, [1094]
• Missouri indians, ghost dance among, [902]
• Mĭ′stäviĭ′nût, a Cheyenne division, [1026]
• Mitaui, sketch of the, [734]
• Mithaw, see [Mitaui].
• Mithouies, a Mitani synonym, [734]
• Mnemonic symbols invented by Smohalla, [720]
• Modoc, Pit river tribes raided by, [1052]
• —, present habitat of the, [805]
• Mohammed and Smohalla compared, [719]
• Mohammedanism and ghost-dance doctrine compared, [930]
• Mohave, attendance of, at ghost dance, [805]
• —, knowledge of ghost dance by the, [814]
• —, ghost-dance doctrine among the, [785]
• Mo′ki, account of, [1038]
• —, song composed by, [1032], [1035], [1036], [1038]
• Moki, see [Hopi].
• Montcalm, consideration of, for Pontiac, [669]
• Moon, Arapaho myth, concerning the, [1006]
• —, symbolism of the, [905]
• Moon Head, a Caddo ghost-dance leader, [903], [904]
• —, account of, [904]
• Morgan, T. J., acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, on cause of Sioux outbreak, [825], [820]
• —, on flight of Sioux to Bad lands, [851]
• —, on mortality at Wounded Knee, [871]
• —, on reduction of Sioux rations, [827]
• —, on Wounded Knee massacre, [870]
• —, tour of inspection by, [900]
• Mormons, conversion of indians by, [790]
• —, and the ghost dance, [792]
• —, belief of, regarding the indians, [703]
• —, endowment robe of the, [790]
• —, Smohalla among the, [719]
• —, treatment of indians by, [818]
• Mortuary custom of the Cheyenne, [1027]
• — dance of northwestern indians, [728]
• — sacrifice by prairie tribes, [782]
• — use of sacred paint, [879]
• Moses, chief of the Isle de Pierre, [734]
• —, a Nez Percé priest, [713]
• —, encounter of, with Smohalla, [718]
• —, Smohalla’s belief concerning, [721]
• Motsai′, a Comanche band, [1045]
• Mound, use of, with sweat-lodge, [822], [981]
• Mount Grant, Paiute name of, [1050]
• Murphy, Jos., killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Musical instruments, lack of, in ghost dance, [921]
• Mûtsiănătä′niuw′, Cheyenne name of Kiowa Apache, [1081]
• Myth, regeneration, of the Hopi, [811]
• —, see [Cosmology].
• Nä′bai-dä′cho, a Caddo division, [1092]
• Nabedache, a Caddo division, [1092]
• Nacogdoches, a Caddo division, [1092]
• Nädä′ko, a Caddo division, [1092]
• —, early mention of the, [1094]
• —, see [Anadarko].
• Nadi′isha-de′na, native name of Kiowa Apache, [1081]
• Nadouessi, a synonym of Sioux, [1050]
• Nadowesi, a synonym of Sioux, [1057]
• Nadowesiu, a synonym of Sioux, [1057]
• Na-isha, native name of Kiowa Apache, [1081]
• Nakai-dokli′ni, account of, [704]
• Nä′ka`na′wan, a Caddo division, [1092]
• Nakash, ghost song composed by, [985]
• —, visit of, to Wovoka, [803], [807], [817], [894]
• Na′kasinë′na, name of northern Arapaho, [954]
• Nakay-doklunni, see [Nakai-doklĭ′ni].
• Nä′kohodo′tsi, a Caddo division, [1092]
• Nakota, a synonym of Sioux, [1057]
• Na`lani, Navaho name of the Comanche, [1043]
• Nämi Piäp, a Columbia indian god, [730]
• Nandacao, identified with Nadako, [1094]
• Nänigükwa, Paiute name of ghost dance, [791]
• Nänisana ka-au′-shan, Caddo name of ghost dance, [791]
• Nanita, Kichai name of the Comanche, [1043]
• Nanonĭ′ks-kare′nĭki, Kichai name of the Cheyenne, [1023]
• Narcelle, Narcisse, in Sioux outbreak, [862]
• Näshi′tosh, a Caddo division, [1092]
• Na′shoni, a Caddo synonym, [1092]
• Na′shonĭt, a Caddo synonym, [1092]
• Nashtowi, Wichita delegate to Wovoka, [903]
• Nassonite, a Caddo synonym, [1092]
• Natăa, Wichita name of the Comanche, [1043]
• Natchez, a Paiute chief, [1048]
• Natchitoches, a Caddo division, [1092]
• Natenehina, Arapaho name of the Sioux, [1057]
• Natni, Arapaho name of the Sioux, [1057]
• Natnihina, Arapaho name of the Sioux, [1057]
• Natural phenomena, indian idea concerning, [721]
• —, sacred regard for, [919]
• —, symbolism of, [905]
• Navaho, absence of ghost dance among, [810], [926]
• — and Arapaho warfare, [954]
• —, ghost-dance doctrine among, [785]
• —, hypnotism in ceremony of, [811]
• — name of the Comanche, [1043]
• — name of the Paiute, [1048]
• —, pollen used in ceremonies of, [705]
• —, significance of songs of, [1009]
• —, statistics concerning the, [809]
• Nawat, native name of Left-hand, [957]
• Nawathi′nēha, name of southern Arapaho, [955]
• Na′wunĕna, name of southern Arapaho, [955]
• Nebraska troops in Sioux outbreak, [876]
• Necklaces of human fingers, [1024]
• Nespelim and Sanpoil affinity, [733]
• — and Spokan affinity, [733]
• —, sketch of the, [733]
• Nettles, R. H., killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Nevada, geographic character of, [765]
• Newell, C. H., killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Nez Percé, a Caddo synonym, [1092]
• —, a Sahaptin synonym, [744]
• —, affinity of the Pälus with, [735]
• —, affinity of Wa′napûm with, [735]
• — and Cayuse intermarriage, [744]
• —, cause of war with, [712]
• —, habitat and population, [805]
• —, visit of, to Wovoka, [805]
• —, see [Sahaptin].
• Niaha‛no′, song composed by, [1099]
• Niaketsikûtk, Kichai name of the Sioux, [1057]
• Niărharĭs-kûrikiwăs-hûski, Wichita name of the Arapaho, [954]
• Nia′thuă, Arapaho name for the whites, [962], [978]
• Nĭ′chinĕ′na, a Kiowa synonym, [1078]
• Niculuita, a Tlaqluit synonym, [740]
• Niererikwats-kûniki, Wichita name of the Cheyenne, [1023]
• Ni′rĭs-hări′s-kĭ′riki, a Caddo synonym, [1092]
• Nĭshk′ûntŭ, see [Moon Head].
• Nisqually in treaty of 1854, [751]
• — membership in Shaker church, [759]
• —, Shaker religion among the, [747]
• Nockay Delklinne, see [Nakai-doklĭ′ni].
• No Flesh, flight of, to Bad lands, [884]
• No′koni, a Comanche band, [1044]
• Norcok, acknowledgments to, [655]
• Nose-piercing by the Caddo, [1092]
• No Water’s camp, game-wheel at, [1075]
• —, ghost dance at, [823], [846], [915]
• N′pochle, a Sanpoil synonym, [733]
• Nuhinĕ′na, an Arapaho warrior order, [987]
• Nüma, a synonym of Comanche, [1043]
• —, a synonym of Paiute, [1048]
• Number, sacred, in ghost dance, [782], [919], [1000]
• —, sacred, in Shaker religion, [751]
• Nümi′naă′, a Paiute god, [1051]
• Nûnaha′wŭ, an Arapaho warrior order, [989]
• Nyu′taa, song composed by, [1097]
• Oakinacken, an Okanagan division, [734]
• —, a synonym of Okanagan, [734]
• Oceti Sakowin, a synonym of Sioux, [1057]
• Ochechotes, a synonym of Uchi′chol, [738], [740]
• Offering of sacred objects, [916]
• — to the eagle, [1100]
• Offley, Colonel, troops under, in Sioux outbreak, [850]
• Ogalala, a Teton division, [1058]
• — in Sioux outbreak, [882], [885]
• — knowledge of the messiah, [819]
• Ohenoñpa, a Teton division, [1059]
• Ŏ′ivimă′na, a Cheyenne division, [1025]
• Ojibwa, absence of ghost dance among, [816]
• —, early warfare by the, [1059]
• —, effect of Shawano religion on the, [680]
• — names of the Arapaho, [953]
• — name of the Gros Ventres, [955]
• —, Potawatomi prophet among the, [706]
• —, Tenskwatawa among the, [677]
• Okanagan, sketch of the, [734]
• Okinakane, an Okanagan synonym, [734]
• Okiwahkine, an Okanagan synonym, [734]
• Omaha, absence of ghost dance among, [816]
• —, Caddo name of the, [1093]
• —, study of the, [654]
• —, visit to the, [767]
• Omaha dance, crow dance a modification of, [901]
• One Feather in the Few-Tails affair, [889], [890]
• Ootlashoot, a Kutenai band, [731]
• Orientation of Arapaho tipi, [956]
• — of camping circle, [1026]
• —, see [Cardinal points].
• Osage, ghost dance among the, [902]
• — name of the Comanche, [1043]
• — name of the Sioux, [1057]
• Otä′s-itä′niuw’, a Caddo synonym, [1092]
• Otermin, Antonio, flight of, to El Paso, [660]
• Oto, ghost dance among the, [902]
• — name of the Comanche, [1043]
• — name of the Sioux, [1057]
• —, condition of ghost dance among, [927]
• O‛tu′gŭnŭ, a Cheyenne division, [1026]
• Oualla-Oualla, a Wallawalla synonym, [744]
• Ouichram, a Tlaqluit synonym, [740]
• Owen, Col., at Battle of Prophet’s town, [688]
• Padouca, application of the name, [1043], [1044]
• Pägănävo, Shoshoni and Comanche name of the Cheyenne, [1023]
• Pä′gatsû, a Comanche band, [1045]
• Pa-guadal, native name of Red Buffalo, [1083]
• Paha′na, Hopi name of the whites, [978]
• Pah Utes, a synonym of Paiute, [1048]
• Pahvant confounded with the Paiute, [1048]
• Pa-iñgya, a Kiowa prophet, [1083]
• —, reputed powers of, [906], [907]
• Paint, how regarded by Cheyenne and Arapaho, [779]
• —, mortuary use of, [879]
• — obtained from Wovoka, [775], [778]
• — on ghost shirts, [790]
• — presented by Wovoka, [797], [900], [901]
• — used by the Arapaho, [971]
• — used by the Cheyenne, [1029]
• — used in ghost dance, [798], [814], [821], [823], [919], [922], [997], [1008]
• Paiute, Cohonino knowledge of ghost dance from, [812]
• —, gambling song of the, [1009]
• —, ghost dance among the, [654], [784], [802], [806], [926], [927]
• —, ghost dance introduced among Walapai by, [814]
• —, glossary of the, [1056]
• — method of conversation, [770]
• — mode of living, [770]
• — name of ghost dance, [791]
• — name for the whites, [978]
• —, Navaho taught about messiah by, [811]
• — notion concerning eclipse, [773]
• — on Klamath reserve, [805]
• — on Warmspring reserve, [805]
• —, population of the, [1050]
• —, Porcupine among the, [794]
• —, reception of, into Mormon church, [790]
• —, sketch of the, [1048]
• —, songs of the, [1052]
• —, synonymy of the, [1048]
• —, Tävibo among the, [701]
• —, see [Wovoka].
• Pai-yuchimŭ, Hopi name of the Paiute, [1048]
• Pai-yutsĭ, Navaho name of the Paiute, [1048]
• Pa′kamalli, a Pit river band, [1052]
• Pa`kiut, Smohalla services at, [727]
• Pa′kiut-′lĕ′ma, a Yä′kĭma synonym, [737]
• Palmer, Agent, report of, on Sioux excitement, [848]
• Palouse, a Pä′lus synonym, [735], [737]
• Palŭ, Washo name of the Paiute, [1048]
• Pälus and Wa′napûm affinity, [735]
• —, incorporation of Chämnä′pûm with, [739]
• —, sketch of the, [735]
• Pambizimina, Shoshoni name of the Sioux, [1057]
• Pani Piqués, French name of the Wichita, [1095]
• Pansy Society and the Sioux outbreak, [893]
• Papago, absence of ghost dance among, [805]
• Papitsinima, Comanche name of Sioux, [1057]
• Papshpûn-‛lĕma, a synonym of Pend d’Oreille, [731]
• Parker, Quanah, a Comanche chief, [1046]
• —, opposition of, to ghost dance, [902]
• Parker, Mrs Z. A., on the Sioux ghost dance, [916]
• Parkman, Francis, cited on Pontiac, [665], [669]
• —, Pontiac manuscript referred to by, [663]
• Parr, Harriet, cited on Joan of Arc, [935]
• Parton, Eliza, acknowledgments to, [655]
• Parton, George, acknowledgments to, [655]
• Pa′tadal, influence of, in ghost dance, [914]
• —, see [Poor Buffalo].
• Pa′thĕskĕ, account of, [700]
• Patrick, —, quoted on Potawatomi prophets’ dance, [706]
• Patterson and Brown’s mission, [946]
• Paviotso, application of term, [1048]
• Pawnee and Arapaho warfare, [954]
• —, ghost dance among the, [902], [927]
• —, influence of ghost dance over the, [926]
• — name of the Arapaho, [954]
• — name of the Kiowa Apache, [1081]
• — name of the Sioux, [1057]
• Peace pipe of the Sioux, [1062]
• Pelloatpallah, a Pä′lus synonym, [735], [745]
• Peloose, a Pä′lus synonym, [735]
• Pemmican, derivation of, [1067]
• —, ghost song reference to, [991]
• —, preparation of, [1067]
• Pe′nä′nde, a Comanche band, [1045]
• Pe′nätĕka, a Comanche band, [1045]
• —, ghost dance among the, [901]
• —, migration of the, [1044]
• Pend d’Oreille, account of the, [731]
• —, land treaty with the, [731]
• —, present habitat of the, [805]
• Penney, Capt. C. G., appointed indian agent, [887]
• Perfume, grass used as, [823]
• Personal names, Shawano, note on, [683]
• Peruvian belief in a messiah, [660]
• Phister, N. P., on ghost-dance doctrine, [784]
• —, on Wovoka’s father, [785]
• Photographs of the ghost dance, [654]
• Pictography of Kiowa calendar, [906], [907], [909], [910]
• — of the ghost dance, [1060]
• — on gaming wheel, [994]
• — on ghost-dance costume, [982]
• — on ghost shirts, [790], [916]
• —, thunderbird in, [969]
• Pierce, F. E., appointed indian agent, [887]
• Pima, absence of ghost dance among, [805]
• Pine Bird, flight of, to Bad lands, [884]
• Pine Ridge agency, arrival of troops at, [850]
• —, attacked by Brulés, [873], [875]
• — changes in boundaries of, [830]
• —, delegates from, to Wovoka, [820]
• —, delegation from, to Washington, [891]
• —, destruction of property at, [892]
• —, dissatisfaction of indians at, [844]
• —, flight of indians of, to Bad lands, [850]
• —, ghost dance at, [846]
• —, ghost-dance council held at, [826]
• —, ghost-dance excitement at, [848]
• —, indians of, meet commissioners, [841]
• —, missions on, abandoned, [874]
• —, reduction of rations at, [832], [845]
• —, report of Sioux delegates at, [820]
• —, restlessness of indians at, [845]
• —, return of Sioux hostiles to, [861]
• —, visit of Äpiatañ to, [911]
• Pinon nuts, how regarded by Cheyenne and Arapaho, [779]
• Pĭnûtgû′, a Cheyenne division, [1026]
• Pipe ceremony in ghost dance, [915]
• —, in Caddo mythology, [1093]
• —, peace, broken by Sitting Bull, [854]
• —, peace, of the Cherokee, [1063]
• —, sacred, in charge of northern Arapaho, [955]
• —, sacred, of the Arapaho, [956], [1063]
• —, sacred, of the Sioux, [823], [1062]
• —, sacred, referred to in ghost song, [1072]
• —, sacred regard for, [959], [960], [961]
• —, symbolism of, in ghost dance, [789]
• —, treaty, illustrated, [688]
• —, use of, in ghost dance, [1064]
• Pishquitpah, sketch of the, [739]
• Piskwaus and Isle de Pierre affinity, [735]
• —, sketch of the, [736]
• Pisquouse, a Pĭskwaus synonym, [737–738]
• Pisscow, an Okanagan division, [734]
• Pit River indians, account of the, [1052]
• —, ghost dance among, [785], [804]
• Piute, a synonym of Paiute, [1048]
• Pleasant men, an Arapaho division, [957]
• Plenty Horses, Lieut. Casey killed by, [888]
• Plumb, Agent, account of ghost dance by, [806]
• P‘nä, a village on Columbia river, [716], [717]
• —, meaning of, [735]
• —, Smohalla ceremonial at, [727]
• —, see [Priest rapids].
• Po′hoi, a Comanche band, [1045]
• Pointed Hearts, a Cœur d’Alêne synonym, [733]
• Poland, Col., troops under, at Rosebud, [850]
• Poläñyup, a Kiowa warrior order, [989]
• Pole, sacrifice, in Sioux ceremony, [823]
• —, see [Tree].
• Police, Sioux, arrest of Sitting Bull by, [856–858]
• —, Sioux, bravery of, [860]
• —, Sioux, moderation of, [869]
• Pollen, use of, in Apache ceremony, [705]
• Pollock, Oscar, killed at Wounded Knee, [871], [872]
• Poloi, Henry, acknowledgments to, [655]
• Polonches, a Pä′lus synonym, [735]
• Ponca, ghost dance among the, [816], [902]
• Ponderas, see [Pend D’Oreille].
• Pontiac, character of, [668]
• — manuscript, reference to, [663]
• Poor Buffalo, a ghost-dance leader, [908]
• —, Kiowa messiah delegation under, [907]
• —, portrait of, [908]
• Porcupine, account of messiah by, [793]
• —, effect of messiah visit of, [818]
• —, ghost song composed by, [1028]
• —, statement of, concerning messiah, [819]
• —, visit of, to Wovoka, [703], [781], [803], [817], [894]
• Potawatomi, absence of ghost dance among, [816]
• —, disciples of Känakûk, [696–697]
• —, ghost dance among the, [902]
• —, settlement at Tippecanoe, [684]
• Potawatomi prophet, account of, [705]
• Potrero, prophecy of indians of, [804]
• Powder, sacred, on dance ground, [918]
• —, sacred, use of, in battle, [790]
• —, see [Pollen].
• Powell, J. W., quoted on the Paiute, [1084]
• Powers, John, minister of Shaker church, [758]
• Powers, Stephen, on Pit River indians, [1052]
• Prather, W. H., Sioux campaign song by, [882], [883]
• Pratt, Orson, on the messiah belief, [703]
• Prayer, Lord’s, Arapaho equivalent of, [966], [977]
• Prayer stick, used by Känakûk, [697]
• Presbyterians, attitude of, toward Shaker religion, [760]
• Prescott, W. H., on effect of civilization in Peru, [659]
• —, on golden age of Anahuac, [658]
• Preston, Lieut. Guy, at battle of Wounded Knee, [873]
• Pretty Back on the Sioux outbreak, [839]
• Priest Rapids, Smohalla performances at, [725]
• —, see [P‘nä].
• Primeau, Louis, guide in attack of Sitting Bull, [856]
• —, interpreter for Sioux delegation, [891]
• Principal dogs, a Kiowa warrior order, [989]
• Pritts, J., cited on Delaware prophet, [668]
• Prophets, various, compared, [930]
• Prophet’s town, battle of, [688–689]
• —, see [Tippecanoe].
• Pshwa′năpûm, a Ќ′tătäs synonym, [736]
• Pueblos, absence of ghost dance among, [805], [926]
• —, revolt of, in 1680, [659]
• —, see [Hopi], [Taos].
• Pumpkin seed in Caddo mythology, [1093]
• Pütci, information concerning Cohonino from, [813]
• Puyallup in treaty of 1854, [751]
• Pyramid lake, battle of, in 1860, [771]
• Qamĭ′lh, a Pĭskwaus chief, [736]
• Qamĭl-‛lĕma, a Pĭskwaus band, [736]
• Qa′pnĭsh-‘lĕma, sketch of the, [739]
• Q’ma′shpăl, a Cœur d’Alêne synonym, [933]
• Quakers, account of the, [936]
• Quanah, former name of father of, [1044]
• —, see Parker+, +Quanah.
• Quapaw name of the Comanche, [1043]
• Quiarlpi, a Colville synonym, [732]
• Quirt of the Dog soldiers, [987]
• Quoit-tsow, another name for Wovoka, [702]
• Quoitze Ow, name applied to Wovoka, [765]
• Qwû′lh-hwai-pûm, a Klû′kătät synonym, [738]
• Rabbits in Paiute myth, [1051]
• —, a Kiowa warrior order, [989]
• Rain invoked by the bull-roarer, [975]
• — songs of Wovoka, [772]
• Ranters, account of the, [936]
• Rapid City, appearance of troops at, [850]
• Rapid indians, a synonym of Gros Ventres, [955]
• Rations, Sioux, table of, [839]
• —, see [Sioux outbreak].
• Rattle of the Dog soldiers, [987]
• — used by Arapaho warriors, [988]
• Raven, sacred regard for the, [982]
• Real-dogs, a Kiowa warrior order, [989]
• Red as a sacred color, [1037]
• Red Buffalo, song composed by, [1083]
• Red Cloud, adherent of messiah doctrine, [848]
• —, an Ogalala chief, [845], [1058]
• —, confidence in, by agent, [832]
• —, declaration of for ghost-dance doctrine, [821]
• —, ghost dance council held by, [820]
• —, operations of, in Sioux outbreak, [881]
• —, opposition of, to land cession, [845]
• —, portrait of, [846]
• —, responsibility of, for Sioux Outbreak, [852]
• —, surrender of band of, [882]
• —, thwarted by McGillycuddy, [845]
• Red Cloud, Jack, conduct of, in Sioux outbreak, [884]
• Red Feather, name of Paul Boynton, [971]
• Red-lodges, a Cheyenne division, [1026]
• Red Tail in the ghost dance, [1085]
• Red Tomahawk, a Sioux policeman, [856]
• —, portrait of, [856]
• —, Sitting Bull shot by, [857]
• Red Wolf, delegate to Wovoka, [900]
• Regan, Michael, killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Regeneration, idea of, ridiculed by southern Ute, [806]
• —, indian belief in, [818]
• — in ghost-dance doctrine, [785], [796]
• — of the earth, [959], [1030], [1054], [1073]
• —, power of, attributed to Wovoka, [821]
• Reid, Henry, acknowledgments to, [665]
• Reinecky, F. T., killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Remy, J., on the Kentucky revival, [943]
• Resurrection+, see +Regeneration.
• Return-from-scout, vision of wife of, [916]
• Richard, Louis, interpreter for Sioux delegation, [891]
• Ridge people, a Cheyenne division, [1025]
• Ritual of Smohalla religion, [725]
• Rivers, reference to, in ghost song, [1032]
• Roberts, J., Arapaho sacred pipe seen by, [961]
• Robinson, Lieutenant, scouts under, in Sioux outbreak, [850]
• Roosevelt, Theodore, quoted on the Sword-bearer affair, [707]
• Rose, wild, use of seeds of, [978]
• Rosebud agency, changes in land boundaries of, [830]
• —, delegates from, to Washington,, [891]
• —, delegates from, to Wovoka, [820]
• —, flight of indians of, to Bad lands, [850]
• —, ghost dance at, [847]
• —, number of Sioux at, [845]
• —, outbreak of indians of, predicted, [800]
• Ross, —, on northwestern indian land troubles, [710]
• Royer, D. F., agent at Pine Ridge, [828], [848]
• —, alarm of, [849]
• —, consultation of, with General Miles, [848]
• —, on mortality at Wounded Knee, [871]
• —, removal of Sioux indians recommended by, [852]
• —, statement to, on Sioux outbreak, [839]
• Ruger, General, on Big Foot’s movements, [865]
• —, on causes of Sioux outbreak, [834]
• —, on mortality at Wounded Knee, [870]
• —, ordered to arrest Sword-bearer, [707]
• Sacrifice, mortuary, by prairie tribes, [782]
• — pole of the Sioux, [822]
• —, scarification as a, [898]
• —, see [Offering].
• Sa′dălso′mte-k̔iñago, Kiowa name of Kiowa Apache, [1081]
• Sage, acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, see [Nakash].
• Sagebrush, use of, in sweat-bath, [822]
• Sage-hen held sacred in ghost dance, [982]
• — in Paiute myth, [1051]
• — symbol on ghost shirts, [823]
• Sa′ghalee Tyee, a Colombia indian god, [719], [722]
• Sahaptin, sketch of the, [744]
• —, see [Nez Percé].
• Saint John, dance of, described, [935]
• Saint Paul mission among the Colville, [732]
• Saint Vitus dance, origin of, [935]
• Säk̔ota, Kiowa name of the Cheyenne, [1023]
• Salishan tribes, absence of ghost dance among, [805]
• Salmon dance of northwestern indians, [728]
• — fishing among Columbia indians, [717]
• Salton sea, indian belief concerning, [804]
• Samilkanuigh, an Okanagan division, [734]
• Sanford, Colonel, troops under, in Sioux outbreak, [850]
• Sanitika, Pawnee name of the Arapaho, [954]
• Sänko, Kiowa name of the Comanche, [1043]
• Sanpoil and Nespelim affinity, [724]
• — and Spokan affinity, [733]
• —, sketch of the, [733]
• Sans Arcs, a Teton division, [1059]
• Sans Puelles, a Sanpoil synonym, [733]
• Santee, absence of ghost dance among, [816]
• —, divisions of the, [1058]
• Sä′pani, Shoshone name of Gros Ventres, [955]
• Saraminuka, a Winnebago leader, [700]
• Särĕtĭka, Comanche and Shoshoni name of Arapaho, [954]
• Särêtika, Wichita name of the Arapaho, [954]
• Sarlilso, a Spokan synonym, [732]
• Sarsi, absence of ghost dance among, [817]
• Säsa′bä-ithi, an Arapaho division, [957]
• Sa-sis-e-tas, a synonym of Cheyenne, [1023]
• Sauhto, Caddo name of the Comanche, [1043]
• Sauk, ghost dance among the, [902]
• Sauk and Fox, absence of ghost dance among, [816]
• — allied with Tecumtha, [685]
• —, influence of Potawatomi prophets among, [706]
• Sawpaw, a Skĭnpä synonym, [740]
• Scabby, a Cheyenne division, [1025]
• Scabby Bull, name adopted by Sitting Bull, [896]
• Scaffold burial by the Cheyenne, [1027]
• Scalps in Cherokee myth, [809]
• Scarification as a mortuary custom, [782]
• —, sacrificial, [898]
• Schaff, Philip, on dance of Saint John, [935]
• —, on Fifth-monarchy men, [938]
• —, on the Flagellants, [936]
• Schartel, T., killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Schofield, Gen. J. M., telegram to, on Sioux trouble, [836]
• Schoolcraft, H. R., on Pontiac, [665]
• —, on Pontiac manuscript, [663]
• —, on Tecumtha, [691]
• —, on Winnebago prophecy, [661]
• Schools, eastern, objection of Sioux to, [837]
• —, see [Carlisle], [Civilization], [Education].
• Schrooyelpi, a Colville synonym, [732]
• Schwenkey, P., killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Schwogelpi, a Colville synonym, [732]
• Schwoyelpi, a Colville synonym, [732]
• Scott, Capt. H. L., acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, on ghost-dance doctrine, [785]
• —, on Moon Head, [904]
• —, on Sitting Bull, [895]
• —, on reputed power of Sitting Bull, [896], [897]
• —, ordered to investigate ghost dance, [900]
• Scouts, loyalty of, at Wounded Knee, [881]
• Seapcat, a Si′ăpkat synonym, [737], [738]
• Sĕ′hiwûq, native name of Weasel Bear, [959]
• Sĕicha, the Arapaho sacred pipe, [960]
• Selwyn, W. T., account of Sioux visit to Wovoka by, [820]
• —, interview of, with Kuwapi, [798]
• —, inauguration of Sioux ghost dance, [819]
• —, warning by, of Sioux outbreak, [821]
• Semät, a Kiowa division, [1079]
• —, Kiowa name of Kiowa Apache, [1081]
• Seminole allied with Tecumtha, [687]
• Senijextee+, see +Lake indians.
• Sĕ′tăs-‛lĕma, habitat of the, [738]
• Setkopti, Paul, acknowledgments to, [655]
• Sett’aiñti, tipi symbolism of, [911]
• Sewatpalla, a Pä′lus synonym, [735]
• Sha′awĕ, a Yakima chief, [727]
• Sha′chidĭ′ni, a former Caddo village, [1094]
• Shafter, Col., on the Few-Tails affair, [890]
• —, troops under, in Sioux outbreak, [850]
• Shagawaumikong, location of, [679]
• Shahañ, Osage name of the Sioux, [1057]
• Shahaptian tribes, absence of ghost dance among, [805]
• Shaiela, Sioux name of the Cheyenne, [1023]
• Shaiena, Sioux name of the Cheyenne, [1023]
• Shakers, account of the, [746], [941]
• —, character of the, [760]
• —, growth of church of, [759]
• —, organization of church of, [758]
• —, tenets of religion of, [759]
• —, Wickersham on religion of, [751]
• Shallattoos, a W‛shä′nătu synonym, [736]
• Shangreau, Louis, conduct of, in Sioux outbreak, [884]
• —, interpreter for Sioux delegation, [891]
• Shanwąpappom, a Ќ′tătäs synonym, [736]
• Shäpupu-‛lĕma, native name of Yowaluch’s followers, [760]
• Sharp Nose, acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, Cheyenne delegate to Wovoka, [776], [960]
• Shave Head at arrest of Sitting Bull, [857]
• — wounded in Sitting Bull fight, [857]
• — killed in Sitting Bull fight, [858]
• Shawano, final defeat of the, [672]
• —, personal names of the, [683]
• —, tribal range of the, [683]
• Shawano Prophet, see [Tenskwatawa].
• Shaw-wawa Kootiacan, see [Sha′awĕ].
• Sheep, Charley, acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, uncle of Wovoka, [767]
• Shell, significance of the, [1001]
• Sheridan, Gen. P. H., promises of, to Nez Percés, [714]
• Shiänavo, Comanche name of the Cheyenne, [1023]
• Shiĕda, Wichita name of the Cheyenne, [1023]
• Shinny stick of the Arapaho, [964]
• Shipapu, a pueblo indian magic lagoon, [659]
• Shirt, see [Ghost shirt].
• Shĭshinowĭts-Itäniuw’, Cheyenne name of the Comanche, [1043]
• Shiwanish, a Cayuse synonym, [743]
• Shi′wanĭsh, a Sahaptin synonym, [744]
• Shmóqûla, see [Smohalla].
• Short Bull, arrest of band of, [876]
• —, continued retreat of, [867]
• —, delegate to Wovoka, [820]
• —, flight of, to Bad lands, [850], [852], [884]
• —, ghost dance led by, [788], [817], [847], [1064]
• —, indians urged to dance by, [849]
• —, operations of, in Sioux outbreak, [881]
• —, Pine Ridge agency attacked by, [873]
• —, portrait of, [851]
• —, surrender of, demanded, [887]
• —, surrender of, [868]
• —, visit of, to Wovoka, [797], [819], [843], [894]
• Shoshoni and Arapaho warfare, [954]
• —, and Comanche affinity, [1043]
• —, ghost dance among, [805], [806], [807], [809], [817], [894]
• —, early knowledge of the messiah by, [797]
• —, influence of ghost dance over the, [926]
• —, messiah delegates among the, [818], [894]
• — name for ghost dance, [791], [920]
• — name of the Arapaho, [954]
• — name of the Cheyenne, [1023]
• — name of the Comanche, [1043]
• — name of the Gros Ventres, [955]
• — name of the Paiute, [1048]
• — name of the Sioux, [1057]
• — name for the whites, [703], [978]
• —, present habitat of the, [806]
• —, reception of, into Mormon church, [790]
• —, study of the, [654]
• —, Täviho among the, [701]
• —, visit of Äpiatañ to, [911]
• —, visit of, to Wovoka, [818], [894]
• Shyiks, mention of the, [738]
• Si′ăpkat, a Pĭskwaus band, [735]
• Sibley, —, quoted, on the Caddo, [1094]
• Sichañgu, a Teton division, [1058]
• Sickels, Miss E. C., acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, Sword’s account of ghost dance presented by, [797]
• Sides, Johnson, visit of Captain Dick to, [784]
• —, Wovoka confounded with, [765]
• Sign, tribal, of Kiowa Apache, [1081]
• —, of the Arapaho, [954]
• —, of the Caddo, [1092]
• —, of the Cheyenne, [1024]
• —, of the Comanche, [1043]
• —, of the Kiowa, [1078]
• —, of the Sioux, [1057]
• Signal, war, of the Sioux, [869]
• Sign language as medium of ghost-dance communication, [808]
• Sihasapa, a Teton division, [1059]
• Simmons, J. W., a delegate to the Yakima, [1111]
• —, elected elder of Shaker church, [758]
• Sinapoils, a Sanpoil synonym, [733]
• Sindi, a Kiowa hero god, [1064], [1080]
• Si′ndiyu′i, a Kiowa division, [1079]
• Sineeguomenah, an Upper Spokan synonym, [732]
• Sinhumanish, a Spokan synonym, [732]
• Sinipouals, a Sanpoil synonym, [733]
• Sinkiuse, an Isle de Pierre synonym, [734]
• Sinkoman, a Spokan synonym, [732]
• Sinpaivelish, a Sanpoil synonym, [733]
• Sinpohellechach, an Okanagan division, [734]
• —, a Sanpoil synonym, [733]
• Sinpoilschne, a Sanpoil synonym, [733]
• Sinspeelish, a Nespelim synonym, [733]
• Sinti, a Kiowa hero god, [1064], [1080]
• Sintootoo, a Middle Spokan synonym, [732]
• Sinwhoyelppetook, an Okanagan division, [734]
• Sioux, absence of ghost dance among certain bands of, [816]
• —, account of the, [1057]
• — and Cheyenne hostility, [1024]
• — and Kiowa early warfare, [1080]
• —, delegation of, to Wovoka, [843], [894]
• —, discontinuance of ghost dance among, [927]
• — drawings of the ghost dance, [1060]
• —, failure of crops among, [826]
• —, features of ghost dance among, [802], [822]
• —, first knowledge of messiah among the, [819]
• —, ghost dance among the, [654], [787], [796], [816], [817], [819], [915]
• —, glossary of the, [1075]
• —, how affected by the ghost dance, [927]
• — habitat and population, [824]
• — name of the Arapaho, [954]
• — name of the Cheyenne, [1023]
• —, number of, in ghost dance, [817]
• — name of ghost dance, [791]
• — outbreak, account of the, [843]
• — outbreak, causes of, [824], [825], [829]
• — outbreak, cost of, [843], [891], [892]
• — outbreak, effect of, on neighborhood, [892]
• — outbreak, end of the, [888]
• — outbreak, number killed in, [871], [891]
• — outbreak, warning of, [821]
• — outbreak, see [Wounded Knee].
• —, population of the, [844]
• —, reduction of rations among, [827]
• — reservation, division of, [840]
• —, reservation experience of, [833]
• —, songs of the, [1061]
• —, symbolic representation of, [789]
• —, synonymy of the, [1057]
• —, treatment of, by government, [827]
• — treaty of 1868, [824], [889]
• — treaty of 1876, [825]
• — treaty of 1877, [838]
• —, tree used by, in ghost dance, [979]
• —, tribal sign of the, [1057]
• —, visit to the, [767]
• Sisitoñwañ, a Sioux division, [1058]
• Sisseton, a Sioux division, [1058]
• Sitanka, see [Big Foot].
• Sitting Bull (Arapaho), acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, belief of, regarding ghost dance, [786]
• —, decline of interest of, in ghost dance, [901]
• —, ghost song composed by, [972]
• —, ghost song introduced by, [965]
• —, hypnotism performed by, [899], [923], [972]
• —, instruction in ghost-dance doctrine by, [895]
• —, portrait of, [896]
• —, prediction of, [909]
• —, reputed power of, [896], [897]
• —, sacred feather conferred by, [919]
• —, sketch of, [895]
• —, statement of, at Anadarko council, [913]
• —, visit of, to Wovoka, [817], [894], [901]
• Sitting Bull (Sioux), account of trouble with, [843]
• —, arrest of, [857]
• —, attempt to arrest, [854]
• —, death of, [857], [860]
• —, evil influence of, [844]
• —, flight of warriors of, [858]
• —, ghost dance at camp of, [853]
• —, ghost dance continued by, [847]
• —, ghost dance invited by, [847]
• —, interview of McLaughlin with, [849]
• —, map of fight at camp of, [859]
• —, mischief plotted by, [854]
• —, number killed in fight with, [891]
• —, number of followers of, [864]
• —, opposition of, to land cession, [845]
• —, order for arrest of, [855]
• —, peace pipe broken by, [854]
• —, plan of, to evade arrest, [855]
• —, portrait of, [858]
• —, removal of, advised, [848], [854]
• —, responsibility of, for Sioux outbreak, [832], [852]
• —, sketch of, [860]
• —, surrender of warriors of, [860], [862], [871]
• Siur Poils, a synonym of Sanpoil, [733]
• Skaddal, a synonym of Ska′utăl, [736]
• Skalzi, a synonym of Kutenai, [731]
• Skamoynumach, an Okanagan division, [736]
• Ska′Utál, a Pĭskwaus band, [734]
• Skeechaway, a Cœur d’Alêne synonym, [733]
• Skeetsomish, a Cœur d’Alêne synonym, [733]
• Skien, a synonym of Skĭnpä, [740]
• Skin, a synonym of Skĭnpä, [740]
• Skĭnpä, sketch of the, [740]
• Skinpah, a synonym of Skĭnpä, [738], [740]
• Skitsămŭq, a synonym of Cœur d’Alêne, [733]
• Skitswish, a synonym of Cœur d’Alêne, [733]
• Skokomish, Shaker religion among the, [747]
• Skull, buffalo, figurative reference to, [1002]
• —, buffalo, use of, in ceremonials, [980]
• Skunkberry people, a Kiowa warrior order, [989]
• Sku′tani, Sioux name of Gros Ventres, [855]
• Skwa′nănă, a Pĭskwaus band, [736]
• Skyuse, a Cayuse synonym, [743]
• Slocum, John, account of, [746], [752]
• —, conversion of, [751]
• —, elected elder of Shaker church, [758]
• —, how regarded by the Shakers, [750]
• Smallpox, appearance of, in Columbia region, [743]
• Smawhola, a Smohalla synonym., [717]
• Smith, John, elected elder of Shaker church, [758]
• Smohalla, account of, [708]
• — religion, account of the, [708]
• — religion, doctrine of, [716]
• — religion, tribes under influence of, [731]
• Smohaller, a Smohalla synonym, [717]
• Smohallow, a Smohalla synonym, [717]
• Smohanlee, a Smohalla synonym, [717]
• Smohollie, a Smohalla synonym, [717]
• Smokeholer, a Smohalla synonym, [717]
• Smokeller, a Smohalla synonym, [711], [717]
• Smoking, ceremonial, by Arapaho, [918]
• Smoky lodges, a Cheyenne division, [1025]
• Smuxale, a Smohalla synonym, [717]
• Snakes, handling of, by Crazy dancers, [1033]
• — in Sioux mythology, [1063]
• Snohollie, a Smohalla synonym, [717]
• Snooholler, a Smohalla synonym, [717]
• Snow-snake and Arapaho game compared, [1007]
• Snyder, Simon, cited on Sword-bearer, [707]
• Sokulk, a Wa′napûm synonym, [735]
• Somahallie, a Smohalla synonym, [717]
• Song, closing, of the Arapaho, [1012]
• —, closing, significance of, [918]
• —, gambling, of the Paiute, [1009]
• — of the Sioux campaign, [883]
• Songs, ghost dance, rehearsal of, [918]
• — in Smohalla ceremony, [730]
• — of the Arapaho, [958]
• — of the Caddo, [1096]
• — of the Cheyenne, [1028]
• — of the Comanche, [1046]
• — of the ghost dance, [920], [953]
• — of the Paiute, [1052]
• — of the Shakers, [755]
• — of the Sioux, [917], [1061]
• —, Paiute, character of, [1050]
• —, rain, of Wovoka, [772]
• Sousa, J. P., acknowledgments to, [655]
• Southey, R., cited on French prophets, [939]
• —, cited on Methodists, [941]
• So′wăniă, a Cheyenne synonym, [1025]
• Sowwani′u, the Algonquian spirit world, [982]
• Soyennom, mention of, by Lewis and Clark, [745]
• Spaniards, indian regard for the, [676]
• —, relations of, with the, [1094]
• Spear men, an Arapaho warrior order, [988]
• Spirit world, location of, [982], [983]
• Spofford, A. R., acknowledgments to, [655]
• Spokan, present habitat of the, [805]
• —, sketch of the, [732]
• Spokihnish, a Spokan synonym, [732]
• Spokomish, a Spokan synonym, [732]
• Spotted Horse, an Arapaho chief, [956]
• — on the Sioux outbreak, [839]
• — on the Wounded Knee massacre, [885]
• Squannaroos, a Skwa′nănă synonym, [736]
• Squaxin in treaty of 1854, [751]
• — leaders in Shaker religion, [746]
• — membership in Shaker church, [759]
• Squirrel, Caddo delegate to Wovoka, [903]
• Squ-sacht-un, see [Slocum, John].
• Staitan, a synonym of Cheyenne, [1023]
• Stalkoosum, a Pĭskwaus chief, [736]
• Standing Bear, Kicking Bear’s surrender effected by, [868]
• Standing Bear, Ellis, acknowledgments to, [655]
• Standing Bull, Cheyenne delegate to Wovoka, [900]
• Standing Rock agency, delegates from, to Washington, [891]
• —, disaffection of indians at, [834]
• —, ghost dance at, [847], [848]
• Standing Soldier, scout at Wounded Knee, [876]
• Star, evening, personification of the, [1098]
• —, morning, indian reverence for, [1011]
• Star men, an Arapaho warrior order, [987]
• Stenhouse, T. B. H., cited on Mormonism, [790]
• Stephen, A. M., acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, on Cohonino ghost dance, [812]
• —, on Hopi regeneration myth, [811]
• —, on Navaho knowledge of ghost dance, [810], [811]
• Steptoe, Col., fight of, with Chief Moses, [734]
• Stevens, I. I., on Cayuse and Klûkatät hostility, [738]
• —, on the Cayuse, [744]
• —, on the meaning of Yakima, [737]
• —, on the Piskwaus, [736]
• —, treaty of 1854 by, [751]
• Stietshoi, a Cœur d’Alêne synonym, [733]
• Stobshaddat, a Yä′kĭmâ synonym, [737]
• Stone, H. B., killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Straight Head, a delegate to Washington, [891]
• Strings knotted as message bearer, [659]
• Sturgis, Colonel, in Nez Percé war, [714]
• Sumner, Col. E. V., ordered to arrest Big Foot, [864]
• —, troops under, in Sioux outbreak, [850]
• Sun, indian myth concerning, [971]
• —, Paiute notion concerning the, [773]
• —, personification of the, [1097]
• —, prayer to the, [915]
• —, sacred regard for the, [919]
• —, symbolism of the, [905]
• —, see [Eclipse].
• Sun dance among the Cheyenne, [706]
• — among the Kiowa, [1080]
• Sunday selected for the ghost dance, [824]
• Sŭta′si′na, a Cheyenne division, [1025]
• Sŭta′ya, a Cheyenne division, [1025]
• Sutherland, T. A., on Nez Percé war, [714]
• Suti, a synonym of Sŭta′ya, [1025]
• Sweat-bath, preliminary to ghost dance, [787], [803], [822]
• —, use of, described, [822]
• Sweat-lodge, buffalo skull in front of, [980]
• —, ceremonial, of the Arapaho, [989]
• —, ghost-song reference to, [981]
• —, of the Arapaho, [960]
• —, of the Sioux described, [822]
• —, use of, in ghost dance, [798]
• —, use of the, [981]
• Swielpee, a Colville synonym, [732]
• Sword, George, acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, account of ghost dance by, [796]
• —, delegate to Washington, [891]
• —, on advent of the messiah, [816]
• —, on Sioux knowledge of the messiah, [819]
• —, vision of, [821]
• —, on Wounded Knee massacre, [885]
• Sword, Jennie, survivor of Wounded Knee, [879], [880]
• Sword-bearer, account of, [706]
• —, effect of affair of, on the Crow, [816]
• —, origin of name, [706]
• Symbolism, ceremonial, in Shaker religion, [761]
• —, color, in ghost dance, [919]
• —, color, in Smohalla ritual, [725], [729]
• —, earth, turtle the representative of, [976]
• —, mnemonic, invented by Smohalla, [720]
• — of an amulet, [905]
• — of natural phenomena, [905]
• — of the buffalo, [980]
• — of cedar, [809], [979]
• — of the cross, [1011]
• — of the crow, [1072]
• — of the ghost dance, [920]
• — of the planets, [823]
• — on ghost shirts, [823]
• Synonymy of the Caddo, [1092]
• — of the Cheyenne, [1023]
• — of the Comanche, [1043]
• — of the Kiowa, [1078]
• — of the Paiute, [1048]
• — of the Sioux, [1057]
• Täbinshi, visit of, to Wovoka, [807]
• Tabu of certain articles in ghost dance, [788], [798], [916], [921]
• — of Comanche names, [1044]
• — of fire in certain ghost dances, [802]
• Tagu′i, Kiowa name of Kiowa Apache, [1081]
• Tāgyä′ko, Kiowa name of northern Arapaho, [955]
• Tai′-ăq, sketch of the, [742]
• Taigh, a Tai′-ăq synonym, [742]
• Ta-ih, a Tai′-ăq synonym, [742]
• Tai-kie-a-pain, a Taitinapam synonym, [739]
• Tairtla, a Tai′-ăq synonym, [742]
• Taitinapam and Klâkatät affinity, [738]
• —, sketch of the, [739]
• Tai′vo, Shoshonean name for the whites, [978]
• Ta′ka-i, Kiowa name of the whites, [978]
• Tall Bear, hummer used by, [975]
• Tall Bull, Cheyenne delegate to Wovoka, [775], [900]
• Tama, acknowledgments to, [655]
• Tämanä′rayära, Shoshoni name of ghost dance, [791]
• Tänä′räyün, Shoshoni name of ghost dance, [791]
• Tani′bänĕn, a Caddo synonym, [1092]
• Tani′bätha, a Caddo synonym, [1092]
• Tänĭ′ma, a Comanche band, [1045]
• Tanner, John, on Ojibwa name of Gros Ventres, [955]
• —, on the Shawano prophet, [673]
• —, on Tenskwatawa among the Ojibwa, [677]
• T′änpe′ko, a Kiowa warrior order, [989]
• Taos, ghost dance at, [805], [926]
• Tapänäsh, sketch of the, [740]
• Ta′pteal, application of name, [739]
• Ta′sawĭks, a Pälus village, [735]
• Ta′shĭn, Comanche name of Kiowa Apache, [1081]
• Tatanka Iyotanke, native name of Sitting Bull, [860]
• Tatqunma, the proper form of Thatuna, [745]
• Tattooed people, the Wichita so called, [1095]
• Tatum, Lawrie, Wichita interpreter to Wovoka delegation, [903]
• Tä′vibo, account of, [701], [764]
• —, Wovoka’s account of, [771]
• Tawakoni, a Wichita subtribe, [1095]
• Tawe′hash, a synonym of Wichita, [1095]
• Taylor, Lieut., at surrender of Big Foot, [867]
• Taylor, Maj., at battle of Prophet’s town, [688]
• Tchilouit, a Tlaqluit synonym, [740]
• Tecumtha, account of, [681]
• —, address of, to Harrison, [721]
• —, defeat of, [689]
• —, end of, [691]
• —, etymology of, [681]
• — joins the British army, [690]
• —, later career of, [690]
• Telegrams on Sioux trouble, [835], [836]
• Te′nähwĭt, a Comanche band, [1045]
• Tĕna′wa, a Comanche band, [1045]
• Te′ñbiyu′i, a Kiowa warrior order, [989]
• Tenino, present habitat of, [805]
• —, sketch of the, [742]
• Tenskwatawa, account of, [670]
• —, etymology of, [674]
• —, extent of influence of, [927]
• Tepda, a Kiowa synonym, [1087]
• Terry, Gen., pursuit of Sitting Bull by, [860]
• Tetau, a synonym of Comanche, [1043]
• Téte Pele′e, a synonym of Comanche, [1043]
• Teton, a Sioux division, [1058]
• —, account of the, [1058]
• —, number of, in ghost dance, [817]
• Texas Ben, offer of services by, [803]
• Tha‛kahinĕ′na, Arapaho name of Kiowa Apache, [1081]
• Thatuna, origin of name, [745]
• Thigû′nawat, Arapaho name of ghost dance, [791]
• Thompson, A. H., account of Tävibo by, [703]
• —, acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, on the Paiute prophet, [702]
• Three Stars, Clarence, interpreter for Sioux delegation, [891]
• Thunder, indian notion concerning, [968]
• —, personification of the, [1097], [1099]
• Thunder bay, origin of name, [968]
• Thunderberries used as food, [996]
• Thunderbird, account of the, [968]
• —, figure of the, [969]
• —, reference to, in Arapaho song, [978]
• —, song of the, [976]
• Thunder’s nest, origin of name, [968]
• Tianä′ni, death of, [727]
• —, Smohalla service conducted by, [727]
• Tilford, Colonel, troops under, in Sioux outbreak, [850]
• Tilhulhwit, a Tlaqluit synonym, [740]
• Tĭ‛lqûni, sketch of the, [742]
• Time reckoning among indians, [774]
• Tipi, a Sioux word, [1059]
• — of the Arapaho, [957]
• Tippecanoe, account of, [681]
• —, proper form of, [684]
• Titoñwañ, a Sioux division, [1058]
• —, see [Teton].
• Tivis, William, acknowledgments to, [655]
• Tlaqluit, sketch of the, [740]
• Tlinkit, sacred regard of, for the crow, [982]
• Tobacco offering by the Sioux, [822]
• Tobin, James, appointed minister of Shaker church, [758]
• To′ngyä-gu′adal, Kiowa name of Red Tail, [1085]
• Toñkoñ′ko, a Kiowa warrior order, [989]
• Toohulhulsote, a Dreamer priest, [713]
• Topinish, a Qa′pnīsh-‛lĕma synonym, [739]
• — and Klûkatät affinity, [738]
• Tops used by Arapaho boys, [1006]
• Totem, significance of, [696]
• Towahnahiook, application of name, [742]
• Towakoni Jim, acknowledgments to, [655]
• Trances in ancient times, [929]
• — in Shaker religion, [746], [751], [752]
• — of the Shawano prophet, [673]
• — of Smohalla, [719]
• — of Wovoka, [771]
• —, see [Dream], [Hypnotism], [Vision].
• Transformation in ghost-dance doctrine, [1068]
• Treaty between Iroquois and Cherokee, [670]
• —, Caddo, of 1835, [1094]
• —, Comanche, of 1835, [1044]
• —, effect of, on the Sioux, [829]
• —, failure of government to fulfill, [710–712], [827], [830], [831], [834], [835], [836], [840]
• —, Kiowa, of 1837, [1081]
• — of Edwardsville, [692]
• — of Greenville, [671]
• — of Medicine Lodge in 1867, [957], [1044]
• —, Sioux, of 1868, [824], [839]
• —, Sioux, of 1876, [825]
• —, Sioux, of 1877, [838]
• —, Yakima, of 1855, [737]
• Treaty pipe illustrated, [688]
• Tree, sacred, in ghost-dance symbolism, [789]
• — used in Cohonino ceremony, [813]
• — used in ghost dance, [802], [823], [916], [979], [1075]
• —, see [Cedar], [Cottonwood], [Pole].
• Troops, appearance of, among the Sioux, [847], [850]
• —, conduct of, at Wounded Knee, [876]
• —, effect of, on ghost dance, [853]
• —, effect on Sioux of appearance of, [852]
• — formed of indians, [891]
• — killed at Wounded Knee, [871]
• —, necessity for, in Sioux outbreak, [832]
• —, number of, in Sioux outbreak, [850], [866]
• Tsabakosh, Caddo name of the Sioux, [1057]
• Tsäñ′yui, a Kiowa warrior order, [989]
• Tschaddam religion, account of, [751]
• Tseñtä′nmo, a Kiowa warrior order, [989]
• Tsillane, an Okanagan division, [734]
• Tukabachi, visit of Tecumtha to, [687]
• Tûkspû′sh, sketch of the, [743]
• Tûkspûsh-‛lĕma, a Tûkspûsh synonym, [743]
• Tule pollen used in Navaho ceremony, [705]
• Tumwater, Smohalla performances at, [725]
• Tupac Amaru, a Peruvian hero god, [660]
• Tupper, Major, pursuit of Sioux by, [861]
• Turkey feathers on Cheyenne arrows, [1024]
• Turning Bear, flight of, to Bad lands, [884]
• Turning Hawk, delegate to Washington, [891]
• — on Wounded Knee massacre, [884], [885], [886]
• Turtle in Arapaho mythology, [959]
• — in primitive mythology, [976]
• Turtle river, identification of, [1029]
• Tushepaw, a synonym of Kutenai, [731]
• Tu′shipa, application of the term, [731]
• Twohig, Daniel, killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Two kettles, a Teton division, [1059]
• Two Strike at battle of Wounded Knee, [873]
• —, flight of, to Bad lands, [884]
• —, ghost dance led by, [847]
• —, operations of, in Sioux outbreak, [881]
• —, surrender of, [867], [868]
• —, Pine Ridge agency attacked by, [873], [875]
• Tyich, a Tai′-ăq synonym, [742]
• Uchi′choi, sketch of the, [740]
• Ugly-face-woman, trance experience of, [962]
• U′mañhañ, meaning of word, [1093]
• Umatilla opinion of land assignments, [710]
• —, present habitat of the, [805]
• —, sketch of the, [744]
• —, Smohalla performances at, [725]
• Umatilla reserve, indians on, [805]
• —, visit of Sioux delegates to, [820]
• Upper Chinook, a Kwikwûlĭt synonym, [741]
• Ute and Arapaho warfare, [954]
• —, attendance of, at ghost dance, [802]
• —, ghost dance among the, [805]
• —, present habitat of, [806]
• —, reception of, into Mormon church, [790]
• —, southern, absence of ghost dance among, [805], [806]
• Utensils of the Paiute, [770]
• Utilla, a Umatilla synonym, [744]
• Viroqua, account of, [893]
• Vision of Biäñk̔i, [910]
• —, see [Dream], [Hypnotism], [Trance].
• Vocabulary, see [Glossary], [Language].
• Voth, H. R., acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, on Cheyenne sacred paint, [1029]
• —, on figurative use of shell, [1001]
• Wa-ai′h, a Comanche band, [1045]
• Waco, a Wichita subtribe, [1095]
• Wafford, James, on Shawano prophet among Cherokees, [676]
• Wahclellah, a Kwikwûlĭt synonym, [741]
• Wahowpum, a Hăhau′pûm synonym, [739]
• Wahpacoota, a Sioux division, [1058]
• Wahpeton, a Sioux division, [1058]
• Waiäm, sketch, of the, [741]
• Waiäm-‛lĕma, a Waiäm synonym, [741]
• Wai′lĕtma, a Cayuse synonym, [743], [744]
• Wailě′tpu, a Cayuse synonym, [743]
• Waip-shwa, see [Smohalla].
• Walapai, ghost dance among the, [785], [786], [805], [814], [921]
• Walawaltz, a Wallawalla synonym, [744]
• Walker, Charles, elected elder of Shaker church, [758]
• Walker, Henry, cure of, by Shakers, [754]
• Walker, James, elected elder of Shaker church, [758]
• Wallace, Capt., killed at Wounded Knee, [871]
• Wallawalla and Cayuse intermarriage, [744]
• — opinion of land assignments, [710]
• —, present habitat of the, [805]
• —, sketch of the, [744]
• Walu′la-pûm, a Wallawalla band, [744]
• Wampum belt, significance of, [662], [685]
• Wana′ghi wa′chipi, Sioux name of ghost dance, [791]
• Wa′napûm and Pä′lus affinity, [735]
• —, incorporation of Chämnä′pûm with, [739]
• —, note on the, [716]
• —, sketch of the, [735]
• Wand, use of, in Sioux ceremony, [823]
• Wanwauai, application of name, [742]
• Wapakoneta, an indian settlement in Ohio, [672]
• Wa′pamĕtănt, a Sahaptin synonym, [744]
• Waptai′lmĭm, a Yä′kĭmâ synonym, [737]
• Waqpekute, a Sioux division, [1058]
• Waqpetoñwañ, a Sioux division, [1058]
• Waqui′si, native name of Ugly-face-woman, [962]
• Wa′quithi, an Arapaho division, [957]
• War forbidden by ghost-dance doctrine, [783], [796]
• — bonnets, eagle feathers used in, [1072]
• — Department, acknowledgments to, [655]
• — signal of the Sioux, [869]
• Warden, Clever, acknowledgments to, [655]
• Warmspring indians, present habitat of, [805]
• —, see [Tenino].
• Warmspring reserve, indians on, [805]
• Warner, C. C., letter of, on Wovoka, [767]
• Warner, Major, Sioux commissioner, [839]
• Warren, W. W., on the Shawano prophet, [673]
• —, on Shawano religion among Ojibwa, [677]
• Warrior order of the Kiowa, [989]
• —, society of the Arapaho, [986]
• Warriors, Cheyenne renowned as, [1027]
• —, Sioux, number of, [852]
• Wasco, present habitat of, [805]
• —, sketch of the, [741]
• Wascopum, a Wasko synonym, [741]
• Washee, a delegate to Wovoka, [894], [901]
• Washington, see [Colombia region].
• Washo, account of the, [1051]
• —, ghost dance among the, [785], [804]
• —, name of the Paiute, [1048]
• Wâ′siu, a Washo synonym, [1051]
• Watän-gaa, see [Black Coyote].
• Water, sacred regard for, [919]
• Water-pouring men, an Arapaho priestly order, [989]
• Watlala, a Kwikwûlĭt synonym, [741]
• Watonga, derivation of name, [897]
• Waugh-zee-waugh-ber among the Paiute, [703]
• —, name applied to Tä′vibo, [765]
• Wayyampa, a Waiäm synonym, [741]
• Weapons of the Arapaho, [987], [988]
• — prohibited in ghost dance, [788]
• Weasel Bear, portrait of, [844]
• —, sacred pipe shown by, [961]
• —, the sacred pipe keeper, [955], [959]
• Wells, Philip, interpreter at Wounded Knee, [881]
• —, acknowledgments to, [655]
• Wells, Captain, in Sioux outbreak, [850], [861]
• Wells, Gen., at battle of Prophet’s town, [688]
• Welsh, Herbert, on indian regard for Crook, [826]
• —, on Wounded Knee massacre, [869]
• Wenatshapam, a Pĭskwaus synonym, [738]
• Wesley, Charles, on French prophets, [939]
• —, on Methodists, [940]
• —, on the Jumpers, [939]
• Wevokar, name applied to Wovoka, [765]
• Weyehhoo, a Klû′kătät synonym, [738]
• Wheaton, Col., troops under, at Pine Ridge, [850]
• Wheel-game of plains tribes, [994], [995]
• Wheelpoo, a Colville synonym, [732]
• Whirlwind in Paiute ghost song, [1054], [1055]
• —, indian reverence for, [1034]
• —, song of the, [907]
• Whistle, eagle-bone, used by medicine-man, [868]
• —, use of, in the sun dance, [992]
• White, Frank, a Pawnee ghost-dance leader, [992]
• White Bear, see [Sett’aiñti].
• White Bird, delegate to Washington, [891]
• — ignored in Sioux difficulty, [832]
• White Buffalo, ghost shirt introduced by, [791]
• White Clay creek, destruction of property on, [881]
• —, ghost dance on, [846], [916]
• —, hostile Sioux on, [873], [882]
• —, Sioux council on, [821]
• White Horse, flight of, to Bad lands, [884]
• White Shield, Cheyenne delegate to Wovoka, [895]
• White-tail Deer people, a synonym of Kutenai, [731]
• Whitman, Dr, accused of witchcraft, [724]
• —, killed by indians, [743]
• Whitside, Major, Big Foot’s band intercepted by, [867]
• —, on mortality at Wounded Knee, [870]
• Whulwhypum, a Klû′kătät synonym, [738]
• Wi′alĕt-pûm, a Cayuse synonym, [744]
• Wichita, account of the, [1095]
• —, delegation of, to Wovoka, [901], [903]
• —, ghost dance among the, [653], [786], [895], [898], [902], [927]
• — name of the Arapaho, [954]
• — name of the Caddo, [1092]
• — name of the Cheyenne, [1023]
• — name of the Comanche, [1043]
• — name of the Kiowa Apache, [1081]
• —, refusal of, to accept Ä′piatañ’s report, [914]
• Wickersham, Jas., acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, on Aiyal and Yowaluch, [1111]
• —, on the Shaker religion, [750], [751]
• —, Shaker songs recorded by, [755]
• Wĭ′dyu, a Comanche band, [1044]
• Wikiup, Paiute, description of, [1049], [1050]
• Wilderness worshipers, account of, [946]
• Wilhauer, George, killed at Wounded Knee, [871], [876]
• Willewah, mention of, by Lewis and Clark, [745]
• Williams, Roger, on indian regard for crows, [982]
• Willow Creek indians, a Lohĭm synonym, [743]
• Wilson, Billy, Caddo delegate to Wovoka, [903]
• Wilson, David, employer of Wovoka, [765]
• Wilson, Jack, name applied to Wovoka, [765]
• Wilson, Jackson, name applied to Wovoka, [765]
• Wilson, John, acknowledgments to, [655]
• —, see Moon Head.
• Winans, —, on the Nespelim and Sanpoil, [733]
• Winä′tshipûm, see [Pĭskwaus].
• Windbreak of the Arapaho, [957]
• Winnebago, absence of ghost dance among, [816]
• —, Potawatomi prophet among the, [706]
• —, prophecy of the, [661]
• —, prophet among the, [700]
• —, study of the, [654]
• —, visit to the, [767]
• Winnemucca, a Paiute chief, [1048]
• Winson, Jack, name applied to Wovoka, [765]
• Wisham, a Tlaqluit synonym, [740]
• Wishham, a Tlaqluit synonym, [740]
• —, a Wushqûm synonym, [738]
• Wishram, a Tlaqluit synonym, [740]
• Wisswham, a Tlaqluit synonym, [740]
• Witapä′hat, a Kiowa synonym, [1078]
• Wi′tapähä′tu, a Kiowa synonym, [1078]
• Witapä′tu, a Kiowa synonym, [1078]
• Wītapi′u, a Cheyenne division, [1025]
• Witchcraft, indian crusade against, [673]
• Wojaji band, rebellion of, predicted, [800]
• Wolf in Caddo mythology, [1093]
• Wollawollah, a Wallawalla synonym, [744]
• Wollaw-Wollah, a Wallawalla synonym, [744]
• Wolves, an Arapaho division, [957]
• Women killed at Wounded Knee, [876], [885]
• Wooden Lance, see [Ä′piatañ].
• Woodworth, Mrs, a Heavenly Recruit, [947]
• Woolworth, Arnold, interpreter to messiah delegation, [900]
• Wopokahte, name applied to Wovoka, [765]
• Word-building by the Arapaho, [998]
• World’s Columbian Exposition, collections for the, [653], [654]
• Wounded Knee, account of battle of, [843], [869]
• —, native account of battle of, [884]
• —, burial of dead at, [876]
• —, graves of indians killed at, [1060]
• —, list of killed at, [872]
• —, mortality at, [870]
• —, result of battle of, [873]
• —, second encounter of, [882]
• —, survivors of, [877–881]
• —, use of sacred paint at, [779]
• —, see [Sioux outbreak].
• Wovoka, account of, [764], [769], [771], [927]
• —, address of, to delegation, [797]
• —, Arapaho and Cheyenne delegation to, [900]
• —, Bannock and Shoshoni delegates to, [818]
• —, Caddo delegation to, [903]
• —, claims of, renounced, [914]
• — compared with other prophets, [930]
• —, derivation of, [765]
• —, ghost dance led by, [818]
• —, how regarded, [766]
• —, hypnotism practiced by, [818], [901]
• —, indian letter to, [901]
• —, letter from, [776], [780], [781]
• —, Porcupine’s account of, [803]
• —, photographing of, [774]
• —, power of, [1048]
• —, reported to be a half-blood, [894]
• —, reputed powers of, [773], [821]
• —, responsibility of ghost shirt disclaimed by, [791]
• —, Shaker contact with, [763]
• —, Sioux knowledge concerning, [800]
• —, speech of, communicated by Porcupine, [784]
• —, vision of, [773]
• —, visit of Ä′piatañ to, [911], [913]
• —, visit of Arapaho to, [894]
• —, visit of Cheyenne delegates to, [817]
• —, visit of Nakash to, [803], [817]
• —, visit of Porcupine to, [794], [803]
• —, visit of Shoshoni delegation to, [807]
• —, visit of Sioux delegation to, [819], [820]
• —, visit of Ute delegates to, [806]
• —, visits of various delegations to, [797], [894], [901]
• Wright, Agent, advises removal of Crow Dog, [844]
• —, ghost dance stopped by, [847]
• —, messiah doctrine discouraged by, [843]
• —, Rosebud census by, [831]
• Wright, Col., fight of, with Chief Moses, [734]
• Writing, ideographic, of Biäñk̔i, [910]
• W‛shä′nătu, a Pĭskwaus band, [736]
• Wushkûm, Smohalla ceremonial among, [727]
• Wŭshqûm, a Tlaqluit synonym, [740]
• Wüvoka, a synonym of Wovoka, [765]
• Wyam, a Waiäm synonym, [741]
• Wyandot, final defeat of the, [762]
• —, importance of the, [685]
• —, Tecumtha among the, [689]
• Wynima, account of, [893]
• Yackamans, a Yä′kĭma synonym, [737]
• Yakama, a Yä′kĭma synonym, [737]
• — and Pĭskwaus intermarriage, [736]
• — and Wa′napûm affinity, [735]
• —, attempt of Shakers to influence, [759]
• —, sketch of the, [737]
• —, Smohalla ceremonial among the, [727]
• —, war of the, in 1855–56, [718]
• Yakima Gap, Smohalla performances at, [725]
• Yämpai-ni, Shoshoni name of the Comanche, [1043]
• Yämpai-Rĭkani, Shoshoni name of the Comanche, [1043]
• Yä′mpäri′ka, a Comanche band, [1044]
• Yankton, a Sioux division, [1058]
• —, former habitat of the, [1058]
• —, interview with, concerning messiah, [800]
• Yanktonais, a Sioux division, [1058]
• —, former habitat of the, [1058]
• —, ghost dance among the, [817]
• Yäpä, a Comanche band, [1044]
• Yä′‛pähe, a Kiowa warrior order, [989]
• Yä′tăsi, a Caddo division, [1092]
• Yaumalolam, name applied to Umatilla river, [743]
• Yeletpo, a Cayuse synonym, [745]
• Yeletpo Chopunnish, a Cayuse synonym, [743]
• Yellow Bird, adoption of child of, [880]
• —, responsibility of, for Wounded Knee fight, [868]
• Yellow Breast, delegate to Wovoka, [820]
• Yellow Eagle, delegation to Wovoka under, [808]
• Yellow Knife, visit of, to Wovoka, [797], [819]
• Yookoomans, a Yä′kĭma synonym, [737]
• Younger, Cole, Texas Ben indorsed by, [893]
• Young-man-afraid as a peacemaker, [887]
• —, conduct of, in Sioux outbreak, [884], [886]
• —, ghost-dance council held by, [820]
• — ignored in Sioux difficulty, [832]
• —, proper name of, [887]
• —, speech of, to General Miles, [890]
• Young-man-afraid-of-indians, see [Royer, D. F.]
• Young Mountain Sheep, a Kiowa warrior order, [989]
• Yowaluch, Louis, account of, [746], [754]
• —, conversion of, [760]
• —, correction concerning, [1111]
• —, enters Presbyterian church, [760]
• —, headman of Shaker church, [758]
• —, speech of, [753], [754]
• Yowa′ni, a Caddo division, [1093]
• Yuchi myth of the cedar, [979]
• Yuma, absence of ghost dance among, [805]
• Yutan, a synonym of Comanche, [1043]
• Yu′yunipi′tqana, see [Smohalla].
• Zehnder, Bernard, killed at Wounded Knee, [872]
• Zephier, David, interpreter for Sioux delegation, [891]
• Zingomenes, a Spokan synonym, [732]
• Zitkala-noni, survivor of Wounded Knee, [878], [879]
• Zitkalazi, Herbert, survivor of Wounded Knee, [880]
• Zoñtom, Mary, ghost song composed by, [1085]
• —, acknowledgments to, [655]

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Parenthetic references throughout the memoir are to bibliographic notes following The Songs.

[2] The totem is the badge of a clan or gens of a tribe. The meaning is that by disease and death many of their gentes had become entirely extinct, but that by heeding the prophet’s advice they would again become a numerous people.

[3] Hadn-tin or hoddentin, in Navaho tadatin, is a sacred yellow powder from the pollen of the tule rush, or, among the Navaho, of corn. It enters into every important ceremonial performance of the Apache and Navaho. The latter always sprinkle some upon the surface of the water before crossing a stream. The name of the medicine-man is written also Nakay-doklunni or Nockay Delklinne, and he was commonly called Bobbydoklinny by the whites. Dr Washington Matthews, the best authority on the closely related dialect of the Navaho, thinks the name might mean “spotted or freckled Mexican,” Nakai, literally “white alien,” being the name for Mexican in both dialects. The name would not necessarily indicate that the medicine-man was of Mexican origin, but might have been given, in accordance with the custom of some tribes, to commemorate the fact that he had killed a freckled Mexican.

[4] The details of the attack on the cattle guards is given by Helen Hunt Jackson (Century of Dishonor, page 131). The Indian Commissioner, in his official report, says: “Open hostilities by these Indians began by the murder of 21 white men and women on White Bird creek, near Mount Idaho, in revenge for the murder of one of their tribe.” (Comr. Rept., 1877, page 12.)

[5] Bureau of Ethnology alphabet. Like most Indian names, it appears in a variety of forms. Other spellings are: Imoholla (misprint), Smawhola, Smohaller, Smohallow, Smohanlee, Smohollie, Smokeholer, Smokeller, Smuxale, Snohollie, Snooholler, Somahallie. As the correct pronunciation is difficult to English speakers, I have chosen the popular form. In one official report he is mentioned as “Smohaller, or Big-talk, or Four Mountains;” in another, probably by misprint, as “Big talk on four mountains.”