Tropical Flowers, p. 292.—"During twelve years spent amid the grandest tropical vegetation, I have seen nothing comparable to the effect produced on our landscapes by gorse, broom, heather, wild hyacinths, hawthorns, purple orchises, and buttercups."—Wallace's Malay Archipelago.
Coca-plant, p. 293.—The engraving conveys the impression that the leaves are parallel-veined; but the coca is a dicotyledon, with the under surface of the leaf strongly marked with veins, of which two, in addition to the midrib, run parallel with the margin.
Pedrero, Map.—This town on the Rio Negro is also written Pedreira.
INDEX.
Adobe dwellings, page [46.]
Agassiz, Mount, [250.]
Prof., on the geology of the Amazonian valley, [280,] [282,] [347.]
Agriculture on the Amazon, [243.]
Andes, [75.]
Aground on the Amazon, [239.]
Aguano, [201.]
Aguardiente, [175.]
Alcalde's house, [202.]
Alligators, [35,] [296.]
Almeyrim Hills, [252.]
Aloe, American, [100.]
Alpargates, [70.]
Altar, volcano of, [150.]
Amazon River, annual rise, [274.]
birds on, [306.]
cetaceans, [299.]
climate, [273,] [284.]
commerce, [277.]
current, [273.]
delta, [272.]
depth, [274.]
etymology, [278.]
expeditions, [277.]
first view of, [226.]
fishes, [295.]
foreign vessels on, [276.]
insects, [300.]
life within, [295.]
magnitude, [264,] [272,] [278.]
natural canals, [265.]
navigation, [276.]
reptiles, [296.]
scenery, [236.]
source, [264.]
tints, [272.]
tributaries, [266,] [271.]
volume, [273.]
Valley, [280.]
creation of, [117.]
forest, [287.]
fruits, [289.]
geology, [281,] [347.]
minerals, [286.]
slope, [280.]
soil, [286.]
trees, [289.]
zoology, [284.]
Amazonian Indians, [316.]
Ambato, [52,] [153.]
America, the continent of vegetation, [103.]
America, South, geology of, [114.]
Amphisbœna, [194.]
Amusements in Quito, [80.]
Anacondas, [222.]
Andean chain, [119.]
Andes, as a geological boundary, [207.]
birds on the, [105,] [146.]
equipped for the, [37.]
first sight of the, [33.]
heart of the, [48.]
last view of the, [214.]
of Ecuador, [121.]
reptiles on the, [107.]
rise of the, [115.]
sinking of the, [138.]
summit of the, [49,] [134.]
valleys of the, [130.]
views from the, [45,] [134,] [141.]
Anguteros Indians, [222.]
Animal life, dearth of, [188.]
Animals on the Napo, [207.]
Antisana, volcano of, [144,] [180.]
hacienda, [144.]
Ants, battle with, [225.]
on the Amazon, [300.]
on the Napo, [194.]
Apothecaries in Quito, [93.]
Archidona, [191.]
Architecture in Quito, [78.]
Arenal, [49.]
Armadillo, [310.]
Army of Ecuador, [87.]
Arrieros, [36.]
Arrows, Indian, [321.]
Arts in Quito, [78.]
Ascending the Andes, [43,] [96,] [144.]
Astronomy on the Andes, [97.]
Atahuallpa, [56.]
Atmosphere of Quito, [97.]
Baeza, [187.]
Balsas, [32.]
Bamboos on the Napo, [220.]
Banana, [34.]
Baños, [149.]
Barometric measurements, [337.]
anomaly, [241,] [226.]
variations at Quito, [92.]
Barra, [243.]
Bartholomew, St., [54.]
Bats, [205,] [312.]
Bears, [105.]
Bed, Andean, [181.]
Bees on the Amazon, [303.]
of Quito, [108.]
on the Napo, [207.]
Beetles on the Amazon, [303.]
on the Napo, [206.]
Bells of Quito, [89.]
"Big-ear" Indians, [222.]
Birds on the Amazon, [306.]
coloration of, in the tropics, [105.]
moulting of, [285.]
of South America, [105.]
Blow-guns, [170.]
Boa-constrictor, [223.]
Bodegas, [35.]
Botany of South America, [286.]
Brazilian etiquette, [235,] [246.]
frontier, [233.]
steamers, [234.]
Brazilians, [323.]
Brazil-nut trees, [290.]
Bread-tree, [34.]
Breves, [254.]
Buildings, Andean, [46.]
Bull-baits, [80.]
Burial Customs, [91,] [321.]
at Quito, [91.]
Butter, [251.]
Butterflies on the Amazon, [302.]
on the Napo, [206.]
Buzzards, [29.]
Caballococha, [232.]
Cacao, [30,] [290.]
Cajabamba, [153.]
Calabash-tree, [289.]
Camino Real, [45.]
Camellones, [43.]
Camindo on the Napo, [226.]
Cámpas Indians, [322.]
Canélos, [172.]
Canoe-life on the Napo, [213.]
Canoe-paths, [265.]
Canoes on the Napo, [200.]
Capybara, [310.]
Caraguairazo, [132.]
Carnival, [81.]
Carranqui, [157.]
Cassiquiari Canal, [267.]
Cathedral of Guayaquil, [26.]
of Quito, [66.]
Cattle on the Andes, [145.]
Caucho-tree, [288.]
Cayambi, [143.]
Cedar on the Amazon, [289.]
Cemetery, Protestant, [91.]
Century-plant, [100.]
Cerro, [33.]
Cetaceans in the Amazon, [299.]
Chicha, [167,] [210.]
Chillo hacienda, [155.]
Chimbo, Valley of, [46.]
Chimborazo, [33,] [44,] [49,] [127.]
Chimneys, absence of, [44.]
Chirimoya, [101.]
Chuquipoyo, [51.]
Chuquiragua, [100.]
Cigána, [206,] [308.]
Cinchona, [47.]
Cinnamon, American, [172.]
Circumcision, [322.]
Civility, Ecuadorian, [35,] [71.]
Civilization on the Amazon, [236.]
Clay-eating, [229.]
formation of the Amazon, [225.]
Climate of Guayaquil, [28.]
of Quito, [91.]
of the Amazon, [238,] [251.]
Coary, River, [242,] [269.]
Coca-chewing, [291,] [348.]
Coca village, [207.]
Cochineal, [108.]
Cock-fighting, [35,] [80.]
Cocoa-palm, [35.]
Coffee, [31,] [259,] [290.]
Colleges of Ecuador, [79.]
Combativeness on the Andes, [95.]
Commerce on the Amazon, [342.]
Compressed heads, [171.]
Compulsory commerce, [195.]
Condor, [106,] [131.]
Cones of volcanoes, [122.]
Conibos Indians, [321.]
Cookery in Quito, [44,] [84.]
Copal-gum, [193.]
Cordillera, [33,] [126.]
Cosanga River, [189.]
Costumes of Amazonian Indians, [239,] [241.]
Cotocachí, village, [154.]
volcano, [142.]
Cotopaxi, [55,] [146.]
eruptions of, [125.]
Cotton-mills, [77,] [155.]
Cow-tree, [288.]
Craft on the Napo, [209.]
Craters, deep, [133.]
Crocodiles, [296.]
Cudajá, [242.]
Cuenca, [152.]
Cunchebamba, [53.]
Curaray River, [224.]
Curassow, [308.]
Curi-urcu, [191.]
Currency of Pará, [260.]
Quito, [75.]
Cuzco ladies, [82.]
Dangers in South America, [331.]
Darwin on the geology of the Pampas, [282.]
Darwin on the geology of the Amazon, [347.]
Debt of Ecuador, [87.]
Deer on the Napo, [226.]
fossil, [154.]
Descent into Pichincha, [139.]
Discipline on the Napo, [204.]
Diseases on the Andes, [93,] [331.]
Dogs on the Andes, [95.]
Dolphins, [299.]
Dragon-flies, [302.]
Dress in Quito, [69.]
Drunkenness at Quito, [146.]
Earthquake at Ibarra, [157.]
at Riobamba, [153.]
effect of, on climate, [91.]
experience of, [163.]
theories of, [161.]
Eastern Cordillera, [179.]
Eciton ants, [301.]
Ecuador, army, [87.]
Congress, [86.]
debt, [87.]
extent, [85.]
flora and fauna, [103.]
government, [86.]
population, [85.]
religion, [89.]
repudiation, [86.]
revenue, [87.]
revolutions, [86.]
supreme court, [87.]
volcanoes, [122,] [148.]
Ecuadorian cooking, [44,] [84.]
Education on the Andes, [79.]
Edwards, George, [195.]
Ega, [239.]
Eggs of the alligator, [297.]
of the turtle, [297.]
El Dorado, [183.]
Elephant at high altitudes, [155.]
Equator, mean temperature, [262.]
Expenses of travel, [327.]
Farina, [235,] [291.]
Ferns, tree, [38.]
Fever remedies, [331.]
Fire-flies, [25.]
Fish in the Napo, [226.]
in Quito Valley, [107,] [347.]
in the tropics, [329.]
Fishes ejected from volcanoes [107,] [132,] [143.]
of the Amazon, [295.]
Fishing with barbasco, [169.]
Flamingoes, [308.]
Flowers on the Amazon, [292,] [347.]
on the Andes, [50,] [102,] [136.]
Fonte Boa, [239.]
Forest on the Napo, [216,] [219.]
trail, [182,] [186.]
tropical, [36,] [38,] [287.]
Fossil bones on the Andes, [154.]
Fossils in the Amazon Valley, [282,] [347.]
Frogs in Quito Valley, [107.]
of the Amazon, [304.]
Fruits of Quito, [101.]
on the Amazon, [289.]
Galápagos Islands, [105,] [124.]
Gentians, [103.]
Geology of South America, [114.]
of the Amazon Valley, [225,] [347.]
Glacial theory of Agassiz, [282,] [347.]
Glaciers, absence of, [131.]
Glimpse of the Andes, [33.]
Goître, [94.]
Gold on the Napo, [196.]
Grapes on the Amazon, [234.]
Grebe on the Andes, [146.]
Guacamayo Mountain, [190.]
Guamani, [144,] [179.]
Guápulo, [178.]
Guarani race, [316.]
Guarana, [290.]
Guaranda, [46.]
Guayaquil, city and people, [25.]
climate, [28.]
commerce, [29.]
history, [28.]
market, [30.]
Guayas River, scenes on, [32.]
Guayusa tea, [193.]
Gurupá, [253.]
Gypsy-birds, [223.]
Hammocks, [202.]
Hats of Guayaquil, [31.]
Hatuntaqui, battle of, [56,] [154.]
Hauxwell, Mr., [227,] [229.]
Health in the tropics, [331.]
on the Andes, [93.]
Heart of the Andes, [48.]
High altitudes, experience at, [96,] [142.]
Himalayas, vegetation on, [50,] [100.]
Horns, blowing of, [209.]
Horses, extinct species of, [154.]
for the Andes, [36.]
Hospitality, Ecuadorian, [35,] [71.]
Hotels, Andean, [40,] [53.]
in Guayaquil, [328.]
in Quito, [329.]
Howling monkeys, [223,] [313.]
Huallaga River, [266.]
Humboldt, [136,] [156,] [348.]
Hummers in Quito, [107,] [347.]
on the Amazon, [307.]
Hybrids, [43.]
Hypsometric zones, [50.]
Ibarra, [157.]
Ibis, [308.]
Ida Pfeiffer, [53.]
Iguana, [304.]
Imbabura, [143,] [154.]
Immorality of priests, [89.]
Incarial relics, [109,] [112,] [124.]
Incas in Quito, [56.]
Indian character, [153,] [203,] [243.]
dwellings, [78.]
peons, [36,] [183.]
savages, [221.]
villages, [237.]
Indians, Amazonian, [315.]
Andean, [69,] [109,] [111.]
as travelers, [186.]
India-rubber-tree, [288.]
In memoriam, [334.]
Insect pests, [224.]
Insects, Amazon, [206,] [300.]
in Quito, [108.]
Iquitos, [231.]
Itulcachi, [178.]
Jacamars, [308.]
Jaçanas, [308.]
Jacapas, [308.]
Jaguars, [311.]
Japurá River, [267,] [320.]
Javarí River, [269,] [320.]
Jesuits, [89,] [321.]
Jiggers, [108.]
Jívaros Indians, [165,] [171.]
Jurís Indians, [319.]
Juruá River, [269,] [319.]
Jutahí River, [269.]
Lady travelers on the Amazon, [236.]
La Mona, [38.]
Lauguage of Ecuador, [71.]
Latacunga, [53.]
Lava, absence of, [122.]
streams, [144.]
Lepers, [55,] [94.]
Lianas, [188.]
Lice-eating, [181.]
Life within the Amazon, [295.]
around the Amazon, [300.]
Lignite on the Amazon, [225,] [283.]
Lion, American, [105.]
Living on the Amazon, [235.]
Lizards of the Amazon, [304.]
Llama, [104.]
fossil, [154.]
Llanganati Mountains, [149.]
Locro, [44.]
Loja, [152.]
Longevity on the Andes, [92.]
Loreto, [232.]
Lotteries in Quito, [90.]
Lungs of mountaineers, [95.]
Lyell on the Valley of the Amazon, [347.]
Macaws, [306.]
Machachi, [55.]
Madeira River, [269.]
Mamaï, [234.]
Mamelucos, [239.]
Mammals on the Amazon, [309.]
Manáos, [243.]
Manati, [215,] [299.]
Mandioca, [291.]
Mango, [34.]
Manufactures of Quito, [77.]
Marañon River, [227.]
steamers, [230.]
Maravilla, [48.]
Market of Quito, [77.]
Mashka, [36.]
Maspa, [186.]
Masquerade, Indian, [110.]
Mastodon, Andean, [154.]
Matá-matá turtle, [299.]
Maucallacta, [232.]
Mauhés Indians, [318.]
Mazan River, [226.]
Meat, preservation of, [222.]
Merchants of Quito, [74.]
Mica Lake, [146.]
Milk on the Andes, [179.]
Milky Way at Quito, [98.]
Mixed races, [68,] [322.]
Mocha, [52.]
Mongruba-tree, [288.]
Monkey meat, [203.]
Monkeys, [223,] [313.]
Montaña of Peru, [231.]
Monte Alégre, [252.]
Montúca flies, [224.]
Moreno, President, [54,] [86,] [138.]
Mountaineers, [43,] [69,] [95.]
Mountains on the Amazon, [252.]
Moyabamba, [231.]
Mules, [43.]
Muleteers, [36.]
Mundurucus Indians, [318.]
Múras Indians, [318.]
Music in the forest, [205.]
Musquitoes, [224,] [228,] [303.]
Napo country, [164.]
diseases, [198.]
fish, [226.]
Indians, [165,] [197,] [180,] [210.]
journey, [174.]
navigation, [197,] [209.]
productions, [196.]
rapids, [200.]
river, [197,] [199,] [227,] [268.]
scenery, [216,] [220.]
tea, [193.]
turtles, [226.]
village, [194.]
wilderness, [188,] [191.]
Nauta, [231.]
Negroes on the Amazon, [247,] [323.]
Negro River, [242,] [266,] [319.]
Newspapers in Ecuador, [27,] [80.]
Nocturnal music, [205.]
Obidos, [248.]
Obsidian, [124,] [148.]
Orchids, [216.]
Orchilla, [347.]
Orejones, [222.]
Orellana's expedition, [183,] [207.]
Organ-bird, [308.]
Oriente, [164.]
Otovalo, [157.]
Outfit for travel, [327.]
Paita, raised beach at, [115.]
Paja, or Paramo grass, [49.]
Palms, cocoa, [35.]
on the Amazon, [287.]
on the Napo, [219.]
Palo de cruz, [228.]
Pampas, geology of, [282.]
Panama hats, [31.]
Pañuelon, [69.]
Papallacta, [177,] [181.]
Papaya-tree, [202,] [234.]
Pará City, buildings, [257.]
climate, [262.]
commerce, [259.]
currency, [260.]
government, [261.]
people, [258.]
view of, [254.]
Para River, [254,] [271.]
Paramo, [33.]
Parrots, [206,] [306.]
Passés Indians, [319.]
Pastassa River, [150,] [268.]
Pebas, [227.]
fossils, [282,] [347.]
Peccaries, [221,] [310.]
Peons, [36,] [183.]
Peruvian bark, [47.]
steamers, [230.]
Pfeiffer, Ida, [53.]
Piassaba palm, [289.]
Pichincha volcano, [124,] [133,] [140.]
Pigs, mode of dressing, [49.]
Pirarucu fish, [295.]
Piums, [224.]
Pizarro at Coca, [183,] [207.]
Plantain, [34.]
Poison antidote, [332.]
Politeness, Ecuadorian, [35,] [71.]
Politics in Quito, [86.]
Polylepis-trees, [50,] [179.]
Poncho, [69.]
Porphyroid trachytes, [124.]
Porpoises, [299.]
Porto do Moz, [253.]
Potatoes on the Andes, [101.]
Potato soup, [44,] [50.]
Prayinha, [253.]
President's order, [176.]
Priests of Quito, [89.]
Protestant cemetery, [90,] [334.]
Puma, [105.]
Pumice, [148.]
on the Amazon, [268.]
Puna, [96.]
Purus Indians, [318.]
River, [269.]
Quadrupeds on the Amazon, [309.]
Quartz, paucity of, [122.]
Quito agriculture, [75.]
amusements, [80.]
architecture, [78.]
arts, [78.]
atmosphere, [96.]
bells, [89.]
birds, [106.]
bull-baits, [80,] [94.]
butterflies, [108.]
capital, [66.]
carnival, [81.]
climate, [91.]
cock-fights, [81.]
cookery, [84.]
currency, [75.]
diseases, [93.]
dress, [69.]
drunkenness, [142.]
education, [79.]
fashions, [70.]
fish, [108.]
flour, [98,] [101.]
history, [56,] [152.]
insects, [108.]
ladies, [70,] [81.]
manufactures, [77.]
market, [77.]
masquerades, [81.]
merchants, [74.]
newspapers, [80.]
politics, [86.]
population, [68.]
potatoes, [101.]
prices, [329.]
Protestant cemetery, [90.]
religion, [87.]
reptiles, [107.]
scenery, [178.]
servants, [83.]
situation, [55,] [59,] [62.]
streets and buildings, [64,] [65.]
street scene, [60.]
suburbs, [55,] [59.]
under the Incas, [56.]
under the Spaniards, [57.]
Valley, [51,] [55,] [73,] [149,] [152.]
archæology of, [109,] [112.]
Quitonians, character of the, [71,] [86.]
primeval, [109.]
Rain-fall at Quito, [93.]
line on the Andes, [45.]
Raposa, [233,] [311.]
Regularity of nature, [92.]
Religion of Ecuador, [87.]
Religious intolerance, [91,] [347.]
Reptiles at Quito, [107.]
on the Amazon, [296.]
Revenue of Ecuador, [87.]
Ride down the Andes, [180.]
Rimos Indians, [322.]
Riobamba, [150,] [153.]
River systems of South America, [118,] [275.]
Roads on the Andes, [43,] [53,] [74.]
Rodents on the Amazon, [309.]
Romanism on the Andes, [88.]
Rose of the Andes, [101.]
Routes across South America, [325.]
Rumiñagui, [146.]
Salt on the Andes, [193.]
San Antonio, [233.]
Sand-flies, [224.]
Sangai volcano, [150.]
San Paulo, [237.]
Santarem, [251.]
Santa Rosa, [201.]
Sapucaya nut, [290.]
Sarsaparilla, [224.]
Saüba ants, [194,] [300.]
Savages on the Napo, [221.]
Savaneta, [40.]
Scenery on the Amazon, [253.]
Sea-cows, [215.]
Serpa, [247.]
Shells in Quito Valley, [109.]
in the Amazon Valley, [293.]
Sierra, [33.]
Silk-cotton-tree, [220,] [289.]
Sincholagua, [146.]
Sloths, [310.]
Slow-worm on the Napo, [194.]
Snakes, scarcity of, [195,] [332.]
Snakes on the Amazon, [305.]
Snow at high altitudes, [138.]
limit in the Andes, [125.]
Soil in the Amazon Valley, [286.]
Solimoens, [237.]
South America, geology of, [114.]
American fauna and flora, [103.]
American Indians, [315.]
Southerners on the Amazon, [246,] [251.]
Spanish character, [328.]
Spanish language, [71.]
Spanish Republicanism, [58.]
Spiders on the Amazon, [304.]
Stars at Quito, [97.]
Staunton, Col., burial of, [91,] [334.]
Steam on the Amazon, [230,] [234,] [330.]
Storm on the Napo, [213.]
Sugar on the Amazon, [252.]
on the Andes, [329]
Sugar-cane on the Amanzon, [291.]
Suno, [205.]
Superstition, [54.]
Tabatinga, [233.]
Table-lands of the Old World, [152.]
Tablon, [178.]
Tacunga, 53
Tambillo ridge, [55.]
Tambo on the mountains, [40.]
Tapajos River, [270.]
Tapir, [104,] [310.]
Teffé River, [269.]
Temperature, correspondence of altitude and latitude as to, [145.]
Termite ants, [301.]
Thermometer, variations of, [92.]
Tide on the Amazon, [275.]
Timber on the Amazon, [289.]
Tiupullo, [54.]
Toads of the Amazon, [304.]
Tobacco on the Amazon, [291.]
use of, by the Napos, [197.]
Tocantíns River, [271.]
Tolling-bell bird, [307.]
Tortoise-shell wood, [289.]
Toucan, [206,] [306.]
Trade wind, [118.]
Trail in the forest, [182.]
Trapiche, [207.]
Traveling in South America, [325.]
Trees in Quito Valley, [100.]
on the Amazon, [288.]
Trogon, [308.]
Tropical flowers, [292,] [347.]
forest, [287.]
Tropical vegetation, [34,] [38,] [188,] [190,] [219.]
Tucúna Indians, [320.]
Tucker, Admiral, [232.]
Tunantíns, [237.]
Tunguragua volcano, [149.]
Tupi race, [316.]
Turtles in the Amazon, [297.]
in the Napo, [215,] [220.]
Uaupés Indians, [319.]
Ucayali Indians, [321.]
River, [268.]
Umbrella bird, [307.]
Upper Amazon towns, [231.]
Urarí poison, [228.]
Valediction on the Napo, [204.]
Valley of the Amazon, [280.]
of the Andes, [130.]
of the Chimbo, [46.]
of Quito, [51,] [55,] [73,] [149,] [151,] [155.]
Vanilla on the Napo, [196.]
Vegetation in the tropics [34,] [38.]
on the Amazon, [287.]
zones of, on the Andes, [50.]
Verdure on the Amazon, [285.]
Veta, [96.]
Victoria Regia, [292.]
Views from the Andes, [45.]
Villa Nora, [248.]
Vocabularies Indian, [339.]
Volcanoes of Ecuador, [122,] [125,] [151.]
Washerwomen of Quito, [83.]
Water-beetles, [295.]
carriers, [61.]
Water-shed of the Atlantic and Pacific, [54.]
Water-snakes, [296.]
Wayside inn. [40.]
White ants, [301.]
Wisse, M., descent into Pichincha, [138.]
Wool, Andean, [104.]
Xingú River, [271.]
Yagua Indians, [320.]
Yana-urcu, [142.]
Ypadú, [291.]
Yuca, [167.]
Yurimaguas, [231.]
Záparo Indians, [165,] [170.]
Zodiacal light, [98.]
Zones of vegetation, [50.]
Zoology of the Napo, [206.]
Zoology of South America, [286.]
Zoological provinces of Amazonia, [300.]