Value.—The main source of lead (yielding eighty per cent), and also smelted for the silver it contains. Used also in glazing stone-ware.
Localities.—Generally found in limestone with Iron Pyrites, zinc-ore, etc. That found in slate is richest in silver. Abounds in Missouri, Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin and Arkansas; Rossie, Wurtzboro, Ancram, Macomb and Ellenville, N. Y.; Lubec, Blue Hill Bay, Bingham and Parsonsville, Me.; Eaton, Shelburne, Haverill, Warren and Bath, N. H.; Thetford, Vt.; Southampton, Leverett and Sterling, Mass.; Middletown and Roxbury, Conn.; Phœnixville, Charlestown, Schuylkill, Pequea Valley and Shannonville, Pa.; Austin’s and Walton’s Mines, Va.; Cabarras County, N. C.; Brown’s Creek and Haysboro, Tenn.; Chocolate River, Mich.; Ingo County, Cal.; on Walker’s River and Steamboat Springs, Nev.; Castle Dome and Eureka, Ariz.; Clear Creek County, Col.; Virginia City and Red Bluff Lode, Mont.; Cache Valley, Utah.
32.—Garnet.
Occurs in crystals with four-sided faces; often nearly round; deep red, which grows darker by heat; rarely yellow; also in brown masses; melts at a high heat; brittle; not scratched by a knife; glassy lustre; gravity 4.
Value.—The clear deep red and yellow varieties are used for jewelry; the massive brown is ground for “emery.”
Localities.—Found in slate and granite rocks. Bethel, Parsonsfield, Phippsburg, Windham, Brunswick and Ranford, Me.; Hanover, Franconia, Haverhill, Warren, Unity, Lisbon and Grafton, N. H.; New Fane, Cabot and Cavendish, Vt.; Carlisle, Boxborough, Brookfield, Brimfield, Newbury, Bedford, Chesterfield and Barre, Mass.; Reading, Monroe, Haddam and Middletown, Conn.; Rogers’ Rock, Crown Point, Willsboro, Middletown, Amity, and near Yonkers, N. Y.; Franklin, N. J.; Pennsbury, Warwick, Aston, Knauertown, Chester, Leiperville and Mineral Hill, Pa.; Dickson’s Quarry, Del.; Hope Valley, Cal.; near Virginia City, on Yellowstone and Madison Rivers, Mont.
33.—Gold.
Occurs in scales, grains and nuggets, or disseminated through cellular quartz; metallic lustre; without tarnish; can be cut and hammered into thin plates; not dissolved by nitric acid; gravity 19, when pure and of a rich gold yellow color. The pale or brass yellow specimens are much lighter, the gravity being as low as 13. A grayish yellow gold, occurring in small, flat grains has a gravity of about 16.
Localities.—Found in veins of quartz running through greenish or grayish slates, the quartz at the surface being generally full of cavities and rusted, and the slates below the surface often containing little cubic crystals of Iron Pyrites: also in the valleys traversed by mountain-streams and in the river sands and gravel below. Iron and Copper Pyrites, Galena and Blende frequently contain gold. Masses of quartz and pyrites from the gold-regions, which make no show of gold, sometimes pay well; the value of such specimens can be
