[22] James’ Account Long’s Exped., Phil., vol. I, 1823, p. 129.
[23] Rept. Peabody Museum, Vol. III, p. 281, note.
[24] See “Osage Traditions,” pp. 384-395, in 6th Ann. Rept. Bur. Ethn.
[25] For an account of the offering of meat to the four winds, see Om. Soc., 3d Ann. Rept., Bur. Ethn., p. 284.
[26] See Miss A. C. Fletcher on the “Wawan or Pipe Dance of the Omahas,” Rept. Peabody Museum. Vol. III, p. 311, note 11, and the author’s paper, Om. Soc., pp. 278, 279.
[27] Pahaⁿle-gaqli and Waqube-k’iⁿ gave this information in the winter of 1882-’83. Compare the self-inflicted tortures of the Dakota and Ponka in the sun dance (§§ 29, 181-3, 185, 187).
[28] Account of the war customs of the Osages: in Amer. Naturalist, Vol. XVIII, No. 2, February, 1884, p. 133.
[29] See Omaha Sociology, § 24, 3d. Ann. Rept. Bur. Ethn., p. 227.
[30] Omaha Sociology, in 3d. Ann. Rept. Bur. Ethn., p. 316.
[31] This song and the invocation of the Thunder-being are used by the Ponka as well as by the Kansa. According to Miss Fletcher, the “sign of giving thanks” among the Hunkpapa Dakota is made by moving the hands in the opposite direction, i. e., “from the shoulder to the wrist.” See “The White Buffalo Festival of the Uncpapas,” in Peabody Museum Rept., vol. III, p. 268.