With the exception of the five letters taken from Riggs' Dakota Dictionary, and used only in the Dakota words in this paper, the above letters belong to the alphabet adopted by the Bureau of Ethnology.

CONTENTS.

Page.
[Chapter I].[211]
[Early migrations of the ₵egiha tribes][211]
[Subsequent migrations of the Omahas][213]
[Present state of the Omahas][214]
[Chapter II.—The State][215]
[Differentiation of organs in the State][216]
[State classes][216]
[Servants][217]
[Corporations][218]
[Chapter III.—The Gentile System][219]
[Tribal circles][219]
[The Omaha tribal circle][219]
[Rules for pitching the tents][220]
[The sacred tents][221]
[The sacred pipes][221]
[Gahige's account of the tradition of the pipes][222]
[An-ba-hebe's account of the same][222]
[Law of membership][225]
[The Wejin cte or Elk gens][225]
[The Iñke-sabe or Black shoulder gens][228]
[The Hañga gens][233]
[The ₵atada gens][236]
[The Wasabe-hit`ajĭ subgens][236]
[The Wajiñga-¢atajĭ subgens][238]
[The [T]e[p]a-it`ajĭ subgens][239]
[The [K]eïn subgens][240]
[The Kanze gens][241]
[The Man¢iñka-gaxe gens][242]
[The [T]e-sinde gens][244]
[The [T]a-[p]a or Deer-head gens][245]
[The Iñg¢e-jide gens][247]
[The Ictasanda gens][248]
[Chapter IV.—The Kinship System and Marriage Laws][252]
[Classes of kinship][252]
[Consanguineous kinship][253]
[Affinities][255]
[Marriage laws][255]
[Whom a man or woman cannot marry][256]
[Whom a man or woman can marry][257]
[Importance of the subgentes][258]
[Remarriage][258]
[Chapter V.—Domestic Life][259]
[Courtship and marriage customs][259]
[Domestic etiquette—bashfulness][262]
[Pregnancy][263]
[Children][265]
[Standing of women in society][266]
[Catamenia][267]
[Widows and widowers][267]
[Rights of parents and others][268]
[Personal habits, politeness, etc.][269]
[Meals, etc.][271]
[Chapter VI.—Visiting Customs][276]
[The_calumet_dance][276]
[Chapter VII.—Industrial Occupations][283]
[Hunting customs][283]
[Fishing customs][301]
[Cultivation of the ground][302]
[Chapter VIII.—Industrial Occupations (continued)][303]
[Food and its preparation][303]
[Clothing and its preparation][310]
[Chapter IX.—Protective Industries][312]
[War customs][312]
[Defensive warfare][312]
[Offensive warfare][315]
[Chapter X.—Amusements and Corporations][334]
[Games][334]
[Corporations][342]
[Feasting societies][342]
[Dancing societies][342]
[Chapter XI.—Regulative Industries][356]
[The government][356]
[Religion][363]
[Chapter XII.—The Law][364]
[Personal law][364]
[Property law][366]
[Corporation law][367]
[Government law][367]
[International law][368]
[Military law][368]
[Religious law][368]

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page.
Plate[XXX.—]Map showing the migrations of the Omahas and cognate tribes[212]
[XXXI.—]Tent of Agaha-wacuce[237]
[XXXII.—]Omaha system of consanguinities[253]
[XXXIII.—]Omaha system of affinities[255]
Fig.[12.—]The Omaha tribal circle[220]
[13.—]Places of the chiefs, &c., in the tribal assembly[224]
[14.—]Iñke-sabe tent[230]
[15.—]Iñke-sabe style of wearing the hair[230]
[16.—]Iñke-sabe Gentile assembly[231]
[17.—]The sacred pole[234]
[18.—]Wasabe-hit`ajĭ style of wearing the hair[237]
[19.—][T]e-sinde style of wearing the hair[244]
[20.—]The weawan or calumet pipe[277]
[21.—]Rattles used in the pipe dance[278]
[22.—]The Dakota style of tobacco pouch used by the Omahas in the pipe dance[278]
[23.—]The position of the pipes, the ear of corn, &c.[279]
[24.—]Decoration of child's face[280]
[25.—]Showing positions of the long tent, the pole, and rows of "ʇa" within the tribal circle[295]
[26.—]Figures of pumpkins[306]
[27.—]The Webajab[310]
[28.—]The Weubajan[311]
[29.—]Front view of the iron[311]
[30.—]Old Ponka fort[314]
[31.—]Diagram showing places of the guests, messengers, etc.[315]
[32.—]The banañge[336]
[33.—]The sticks[336]
[34.—]Nanan au hă[336]
[35.—]₵ab¢in au hă[337]
[36.—]Diagram of the play-ground[337]
[37.—]The stick used in playing [P]a¢in-jahe[338]
[38.—]The wa¢igije[338]
[39.—]The stick used in playing Intin-buʇa[341]
[40.—]The waq¢eq¢e `ansa[352]
[41.—]The Ponka style of hañga-ʞi`anze[359]
[42.—]The Omaha style of hañga-ʞi`anze[361]

OMAHA SOCIOLOGY.
By J. Owen Dorsey.

CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION.

§ 1. The Omaha Indians belong to the ₵egiha group of the Siouan family. The ₵egiha group may be divided into the Omaha-₵egiha and the Kwapa-₵egiha. In the former are four tribes, speaking three dialects, while the latter consists of one tribe, the Kwapas. The dialects are as follows: Pañka, spoken by the Ponkas and Omahas; Waᴐaᴐe, the Osage dialect; [K]anze, that of the Kansas or Kaws, closely related to the Waᴐaᴐe; and Ugaqpa, or Kwapa.

§ 2. ₵egiha means, "Belonging to the people of this land," and answers to the Oto "[T]ᴐiwere," and the Iowa "[T]ᴐeʞiwere." Mr. Joseph La Flèche, who was formerly a head chief of the Omahas, also said that ₵egiha was about equivalent to "Dakota." When an Omaha was challenged in the dark, when on his own land, he generally replied, "I am a ₵egiha." So did a Ponka reply, under similar circumstances, when on his own land. But when challenged in the dark, when away from home, he was obliged to give the name of his tribe, saying, "I am an Omaha," or, "I am a Ponka," as the case might be.