LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
| PAGE | |
| “Triumphs and Wonders of the XIX Century” | [Frontispiece] |
| Puck | [19] |
| Old Franklin Electrical Machine | [20] |
| Leyden Jar | [22] |
| Franklin Institute, Philadelphia | [23] |
| Induction Coil | [25] |
| Magnetic Fields of Force | [26] |
| Daniell’s Cells | [27] |
| Morse Telegraph and Battery | [27] |
| Samuel Finley Breese Morse | [28] |
| Cyrus W. Field | [28] |
| Ocean Cable | [29] |
| Great Eastern laying an Ocean Cable | [31] |
| A String Telephone | [32] |
| Thomas Alva Edison. Full page | [32] |
| A Graphophone | [35] |
| A Dynamo | [37] |
| The Golden Candlestick | [39] |
| An Ancient Lamp | [39] |
| A Tallow Dip | [40] |
| Modern Lamp | [40] |
| Electric Arc Light | [43] |
| Electric Locomotive. From Electrical Age | [45] |
| Electric Railway—Third Rail System | [47] |
| Geissler’s Tubes | [49] |
| Sciagraph or Shadow Picture | [50] |
| An August Morning with Farragut | [56] |
| British Battleship Majestic | [57] |
| French Battleship Magenta | [57] |
| German Battleship Woerth | [58] |
| Italian Battleship Sardegna | [59] |
| Nelson’s Flagship Victory | [60] |
| Constitution (1812) under Sail. Permission of the artist. Full page | [61] |
| Side View of Constitution. Full page | [63] |
| The U. S. Steamship Oregon. Copyright by W. H. Rau. Full page | [65] |
| Action between Monitor and Merrimac | [66] |
| The Turbinia—Fastest Craft afloat. Permission of S. S. McClure Co. | [67] |
| Engine of U. S. Steamship Powhatan, A. D. 1849. Full page | [68] |
| Engine of U. S. Steamer Ericcson | [69] |
| Battle of Trafalgar. Full page | [71] |
| The Growth of Ordnance. Four cuts. Full page | [73] |
| The Distribution of Armor. Twelve cuts. Full page | [78–79] |
| The Growth of Armor. Eight cuts. Full page | [81] |
| The Movement of Uranus and Neptune | [89] |
| Professor James H. Coffin | [91] |
| The Lick Observatory, Mount Hamilton, Cal. Full page | [93] |
| The Spectroscope | [94] |
| Yerkes Telescope, University of Chicago. Full page | [95] |
| Professor William Harkness | [97] |
| Zenith Telescope, made for University of Pennsylvania | [100] |
| Three-inch Transit. By Warner & Swasey | [103] |
| Carolus Linnæus of Sweden | [105] |
| The Green Rose | [106] |
| Head of White Clover, with Branch from Centre | [107] |
| The Peanut-Pod Magnified | [108] |
| Outline of White Dogwood Flower | [109] |
| Yellow Toad-Flax in Peloria State | [110] |
| Grained Corn-Tassel | [111] |
| Banana Flowers | [112] |
| The Cruel Plant | [113] |
| Old Potato penetrated by Rootlet | [113] |
| Fungus growing from Head of Caterpillar | [114] |
| Mary Elizabeth Lease | [117] |
| Emma Willard | [119] |
| George Eliot | [121] |
| Frances Willard | [123] |
| Distaff and Spindle | [126] |
| Spinning Wheel | [126] |
| Primitive Hand Loom | [127] |
| Early Spinning Jenny | [128] |
| Ginning Cotton. Old way prior to 1800 | [129] |
| Ginning Cotton. New way | [129] |
| The Modern Mule | [130] |
| Hand Comb of the Eighteenth Century | [131] |
| Noble Comb of 1890 | [132] |
| Plain Power Loom, 1840 | [133] |
| Weaving. The Old Way | [135] |
| Weaving. The New Way | [135] |
| Loom of 1890 | [136] |
| Jacquard Machine | [137] |
| Smith and Skinner Loom for Moquette Carpets | [139] |
| Circular Loom | [141] |
| The First Knitting Machine, Lee | [143] |
| Knitting in the Old Way | [145] |
| Knitting in the New Way | [146] |
| Ancient Birmingham Meeting-house | [148] |
| Salisbury Cathedral, England. Full page | [148] |
| P. E. Cathedral of St. John the Divine (?) | [150] |
| Father Damien, Missionary to Leper Colony | [151] |
| Young Men’s Christian Association, Philadelphia | [153] |
| Baptist Mission School, Japan | [155] |
| Methodist Episcopal Hospital | [157] |
| The New Library of Congress, Washington, D. C. Full page | [161] |
| Ridgway Branch of Philadelphia Library. Full page | [163] |
| Public Library of the City of Boston. By permission of librarian. Full page | [164] |
| John Russell Young | [166] |
| Carnegie Free Library, Pittsburgh. Full page | [169] |
| Arc de l’Étoile, Paris | [173] |
| Natural History Museum, Kensington, London. Full page | [175] |
| Glass Covered Arcade, Milan | [177] |
| United States Capitol, Washington, D. C. Full page | [179] |
| The White House, Washington, D. C. Full page | [180] |
| Library Building, University of Virginia | [181] |
| Trinity Church, New York. Full page | [183] |
| St. George’s Hall, Philadelphia | [185] |
| Trinity Church, Boston | [187] |
| American Surety Company’s Building, New York | [188] |
| Sir Humphrey Davy | [192] |
| Michael Faraday | [197] |
| William Crookes, F. R. S. | [200] |
| Sir Henry Bessemer | [202] |
| Louis Jacques Daguerre | [203] |
| Louis Pasteur | [205] |
| Beethoven in His Study. Full page | [208] |
| Giuseppe Verdi | [208] |
| Grand Opera House, Paris | [209] |
| Metropolitan Opera House, New York | [210] |
| William Richard Wagner | [211] |
| Edwin Forrest | [211] |
| Charlotte Saunders Cushman | [212] |
| Scenes from Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. Full page | [213] |
| George Bancroft | [216] |
| John G. Whittier | [217] |
| Alfred Tennyson | [218] |
| Henry W. Longfellow | [219] |
| Benjamin Franklin | [223] |
| Horace Greeley | [224] |
| John W. Forney | [225] |
| Joseph Medill | [226] |
| Record Building, Philadelphia. Full page | [227] |
| The “Black Obelisk” of Shalmaneser II | [232] |
| The Moabite Stone. Full page | [232] |
| Ruins of Philæ, Egypt. Full page | [235] |
| So-called Sarcophagus of Alexander the Great | [239] |
| Cuneiform Letters from Lachish | [241] |
| Arch of Titus, Rome | [242] |
| Hittite Inscription from Jerabis. Full page | [243] |
| A Typical Dairy Farm. Full page | [247] |
| Modern Creamery and Cheese Factory | [249] |
| A Typical Dairy Cow—Ayrshire | [251] |
| Centrifugal Cream Separator in Operation. Full page | [253] |
| Milk Tester (Open) | [254] |
| Butter-making on Farm—The Old Way. Full page | [255] |
| Butter-making—The New Way | [257] |
| The Dairy Maid. Full page | [259] |
| Czar Alexander II., of Russia | [265] |
| Sir Edward Bulwer | [266] |
| Captain Alfred Dreyfus | [269] |
| Mortality Chart | [273] |
| Map Showing “Registration States” | [275] |
| Laboratory of the University of Pennsylvania. Full page | [277] |
| Sand Filter Bed | [279] |
| A Quarantine Station | [281] |
| Old Style Shrapnel | [284] |
| Congreve Rocket | [285] |
| Minié Ball | [286] |
| United States Rifle Musket, 1855 | [286] |
| General Winfield Scott. Full page | [286] |
| Armstrong Field Gun | [287] |
| Rodman Gun | [288] |
| Old Smooth-bore Mortar | [289] |
| Spencer Carbine | [291] |
| Metallic Cartridge of 1864–65 | [292] |
| Prismatic Powder | [298] |
| Mortar on Revolving Hoist. Full page | [299] |
| Modern Shrapnel | [301] |
| Krag-Jorgensen Rifle | [302] |
| Penetrating Power of Guns and Bullets. Full page | [303] |
| Gatling Gun | [304] |
| Nordenfeldt Rapid Fire Gun | [305] |
| Soil Pulverizer. Furnished by author | [309] |
| Columbia Harvester and Binder. Furnished by author | [311] |
| Improved Thresher, with Blower and Self-feeder. Furnished by author | [312] |
| Automatic Stacker with Folding Attachment. Furnished by author | [313] |
| Disc Harrow. H. P. Denocher & Co., Hamilton, Ont. | [314] |
| Acme Harrow. Furnished by author | [315] |
| Double Corn Cultivator. Long-Alstatten Co., Hamilton, Ont. | [317] |
| Modern Clover Huller. Gaar, Scoot & Co., Richmond, Ind. | [319] |
| Hereford Cow, “Lady Laurel.” Furnished by author | [320] |
| Group of Aberdeen-Angus Cattle. Courtesy of D. Bradford & Son, Aberdeen, O. | [321] |
| Jersey Cow, “Ida,” of St. Lambert. Miller & Sibley, Franklin, Pa. | [322] |
| Poland-China Hog. Furnished by author | [323] |
| Merino Sheep. John Pow & Son, Salem, O. | [325] |
| Double Corn Planter. H. P. Denocher & Co., Hamilton, Ont. | [326] |
| Hand Garden Plow. H. P. Denocher & Co., Hamilton, Ont. | [327] |
| Success Anti-Clog Weeder. D. Y. Hallock & Co., York, Pa. | [331] |
| Aspinwall Potato Planter. Furnished by author | [335] |
| Brooklyn Suspension Bridge. Full page | [341] |
| The Niagara Railway Arch. Courtesy of Grand Trunk R. R. Full page | [343] |
| The Firth of Forth Bridge, General View. Credit “Bridges,” Chicago. Full page | [344] |
| Pecos River Viaduct | [345] |
| Formal Opening of Suez Canal | [347] |
| Manchester Ship Canal | [349] |
| Complete Rock Cut Chicago Drainage Canal. Courtesy of Lidgerwood Man. Co. Full page | [351] |
| An “Atlas” Powder Blast under Cableway. Copyright by Charles Stadler, Chicago. Full page | [353] |
| American Portal of St. Clair Tunnel. Courtesy of Grand Trunk R. R. | [358] |
| Interior of St. Clair Tunnel. Courtesy of Grand Trunk R. R. | [359] |
| Thoroughbred. Full page | [363] |
| Watering the Cows | [365] |
| A Temperance Society. (Herring) | [367] |
| Art Critics. (Gebler) | [368] |
| French Coach-Horse “Gladiator” | [369] |
| Pacing Horse “Star Pointer.” Time 1m. 59 1-4s | [371] |
| Automobile or Horseless Carriage. Courtesy of Electric Automobile Co. | [373] |
| Commodore Stephen Decatur | [376] |
| Commodore Perry at Battle of Lake Erie | [377] |
| Schoolship Saratoga. Courtesy of Philadelphia Bourse Book | [379] |
| Robert E. Lee at Battle of Chapultepec. Full page | [381] |
| Castle William. Military Prison, New York Harbor | [383] |
| Generals Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson | [385] |
| General Ulysses S. Grant. Full page | [387] |
| Sherman’s March to the Sea. Full page | [389] |
| Lee’s Surrender at Appomattox | [391] |
| Morro Castle, Santiago Harbor | [392] |
| Admiral George Dewey. Full page | [393] |
| Main Deck of Cruiser Chicago | [394] |
| Dewey’s Guns at Manila. Full page | [395] |
| General Joseph Wheeler | [397] |
| The Truce before Santiago | [398] |
| Aguinaldo, the Tagal Leader | [399] |
| Napoleon, 1814. (Meissonier.) Full page | [401] |
| Admiral Horatio Nelson | [403] |
| Napoleon’s Retreat from Waterloo. Full page | [405] |
| Capture of the Malakoff. Full page | [409] |
| Battle of Magenta. Full page | [411] |
| Louis Adolphe Theirs | [415] |
| Cavalry Charge at Gravelotte. Full page | [416] |
| Battle of Yalu River. Full page | [417] |
| Munich Exposition, 1854 | [423] |
| New Orleans Exposition, 1884. Full page | [425] |
| Eiffel Tower, Paris Exposition, 1888 | [427] |
| Court of Honor, Chicago Exposition, 1893 | [429] |
| Women’s Building, Chicago Exposition, 1893 | [431] |
| Agricultural Building, Atlanta Exposition, 1895 | [433] |
| Machinery Hall, Atlanta Exposition, 1895 | [434] |
| Women’s Building, Nashville Exposition, 1897 | [435] |
| Art Building, Nashville Exposition, 1897 | [437] |
| Grand Court, Omaha Exposition, 1898. Photograph by H. C. Hersey | [439] |
| National Export Exposition, Philadelphia, Sept. 14 to Nov. 30, 1899. Electro supplied by Commercial Museum. Full page | [441] |
| Old United States Mint, Philadelphia | [447] |
| New United States Mint, Philadelphia. Courtesy of Philadelphia Bourse Book. Full page | [451] |
| Carpenter’s Hall, Philadelphia, First Site of First United States Bank. Full page | [453] |
| Girard Bank, Philadelphia, Second Site of First United States Bank | [455] |
| Second United States Bank, Philadelphia, now Custom House | [457] |
| Bank of England, London | [463] |
| German Bank, Bremen | [464] |
| The Bourse, Paris. Full page | [464] |
| New York Clearing House | [468] |
| Cocoanut Tree, Palm Beach, Fla. Photograph by author. Full page | [473] |
| Packing Apples for Export, St. Catherines, Ont. Full page | [477] |
| Lady de Coverly Grapes, Maryville, Cal. Photograph by author. Full page | [483] |
| Orange Orchard, Sanford, Fla. Photograph by author | [487] |
| Olive Orchard, San José, Cal. Photograph by author | [488] |
| Pineapple Field, Palm Beach, Fla. Photograph by author | [489] |
| A Clipper Ship. Permission of Whittaker & Co. | [493] |
| Robert Fulton | [494] |
| The Clermont, Fulton’s First Steamboat | [495] |
| S. Cunard, Founder of First Ocean Packet Line. Courtesy of Cunard S. S. Co. | [497] |
| The Oceanic, 1899—Largest Ship Afloat. Courtesy of White Star Line. Full page | [499] |
| Steamer Campania, of Cunard Line. Courtesy of Cunard S. S. Co. Full page | [509] |
| Cramps’ Shipyard on the Delaware. Full page | [512] |
| Pestalozzi, of Yverdun | [517] |
| Froebel, Founder of Kindergartens | [519] |
| Dr. Thomas Arnold, Rugby, England | [520] |
| An Old Log Schoolhouse | [521] |
| Schoolhouse at Sleepy Hollow | [524] |
| Interior of Sleepy Hollow Schoolhouse | [525] |
| Child’s Guide. Full page | [527] |
| Dr. Charles W. Eliot, President of Harvard University | [531] |
| William T. Harris | [533] |
| Ideal Schoolhouse and Grounds | [534] |
| Suggestions for planting a Schoolground | [535] |
| New High School, Philadelphia. Full page | [537] |
| Dr. William H. Maxwell, Superintendent “Greater New York” Schools | [538] |
| Booker T. Washington, Principal Tuskegee Institute | [539] |
| Dr. E. Benj. Andrews, Superintendent of Schools, Chicago, Ill. | [541] |
| Early Hand Printing Press | [543] |
| The Columbian Press | [545] |
| Washington Hand Press | [546] |
| Old Wooden Frame Adams Press | [547] |
| Double Cylinder Press | [549] |
| First Perfecting Press | [551] |
| Four-roller Two-Revolution Press | [553] |
| Lithographic Press | [555] |
| Numbering Card Press | [557] |
| Linotype (Type-setting) Machine—Front View | [559] |
| Octuple Stereotype Perfecting Press and Folder. Full page | [560] |
| Outline of Type-setting Machine | [561] |
| Sinking, Drifting, and Stoping in Mining | [573] |
| Air Compressor | [574] |
| The “Sergeant” Rock Drill | [575] |
| Steam-Driven Air Compressor | [576] |
| Driving a Railway Tunnel. Full page | [577] |
| Straight Line Air Compressor | [578] |
| Duplex Air Compressor | [579] |
| Electric Coal-Mining Machine. Full page | [581] |
| Gold Dredging on Swan River, Colorado. Full page | [583] |
| Power Plant at Jerome Park | [585] |
| The Holy Women at the Tomb | [589] |
| Christmas Chimes. (Blashfield.) Full page | [591] |
| Whispers of Love. (Bouguereau.) Full page | [592] |
| Greek Girls playing at Ball. (Leighton) | [593] |
| Landseer and his Favorites. (By himself.) Full page | [595] |
| The Horse Fair. (Rosa Bonheur.) Full page | [597] |
| At the Shrine of Venus. (Alma Tadema) | [601] |
| Napoleon I. (Canova) | [603] |
| Statue of Benjamin Franklin. (Boyle) | [605] |
| The Washington Monument, Fairmount Park | [607] |
| Photographic View of New York City | [611] |
| Surgical Operating Room, Howard Hospital, Philadelphia | [617] |
| Clinical Amphitheatre, Pennsylvania Hospital. Full page | [621] |
| Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia. From its “History.” Full page | [624] |
| X-Ray Photograph of a Compound Fracture of Forearm | [628] |
| X-Ray Picture of a Dislocated Elbow. Full page | [629] |
| Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes | [637] |
| Dr. Nathan Smith Davis, of Chicago. Courtesy of Dr. Davis | [639] |
| Starling Medical College and St. Francis Hospital, Columbus, Ohio. Courtesy of Spahr & Glenn. Full page | [640] |
| J. Marion Sims, A. B., M. D., New York. Courtesy of Wm. Wood & Co. | [641] |
| The Old Stage Coach | [644] |
| First Train of Steam Cars | [645] |
| A Railway Train in Belgium | [647] |
| Loop in the Selkirks, showing Four Tracks. Full page | [649] |
| Entrance to St. Gothard Tunnel, Switzerland | [651] |
| Railway Signals | [652] |
| An American Express Locomotive | [653] |
| An American Freight Locomotive | [655] |
| Exterior of Latest Sleeping Car | [656] |
| Interior of Pullman Sleeping Car | [657] |
| Railway Suspension Bridge, Niagara Falls. From American Society of Civil Engineers. Full page | [659] |
| Hagerman Pass on Colorado Midland R. R. | [661] |
| View near Verrugas, on line of Oroya Railway, Peru | [663] |
| Independence Hall and Square—Winter Scene | [666] |
| Hon. Melville Fuller, Chief Justice U. S. Supreme Court | [669] |
| State, War, and Navy Building, Washington, D. C. | [673] |
| Portia and Bassanio. Trial Scene from “Merchant of Venice.” Full page | [675] |
| Paying their Dues. Full page | [679] |
| First Building and Loan Association Advertisement | [681] |
| Row of $1400 Houses | [686] |
| Plan of $1400 Houses | [687] |
| Building Association Banquet. Full page | [689] |
| Abraham Lincoln | [691] |
| Jefferson Davis | [692] |
| William E. Gladstone | [693] |
| Thomas Jefferson | [695] |
| Otto E. L. Von Bismarck | [697] |
| William McKinley | [698] |
| Grant’s Tomb, Riverside Drive, New York City | [699] |
| Duke of Wellington | [700] |
| Count Von Moltke | [701] |
| General Giuseppe Garibaldi | [703] |
| Charles H. Spurgeon | [705] |
| William Wilberforce | [706] |
| Thomas B. Macaulay | [707] |
| Florence Nightingale | [712] |
| Clara Barton | [713] |
| Sir Walter Scott | [715] |
| Charles Dickens | [716] |
| Lord Byron | [717] |
| Queen Victoria | [723] |
PUCK.
WONDERS OF ELECTRICITY
By JAMES P. BOYD, A.M., L.B.
I. AT THE DAWN OF THE CENTURY.
When, in his “Midsummer Night’s Dream,” Shakespeare placed in the mouth of Puck, prince of fairies, the playful speech,—