[Table 4.]—Confederate Army at Chattanooga
Gen. Braxton Bragg
Hardee’s Corps—Lt. Gen. William J. Hardee Cheatham’s Division—Brig. Gen. John K. Jackson Stevenson’s Division—Maj. Gen. Carter L. Stevenson Cleburne’s Division—Maj. Gen. P. R. Cleburne Walker’s Division—Brig. Gen. States R. Gist Breckinridge’s Corps—Maj. Gen. John C. Breckinridge Hindman’s Division—Brig. Gen. J. Patton Anderson Breckinridge’s Division—Brig. Gen. William B. Bate Stewart’s Division—Maj. Gen. Ambrose P. Stewart Reserve Artillery Robertson’s Battalion—Capt. Felix H. Robertson Williams’ Battalion—Maj. S. C. Williams
SHERMAN MOVES.
During the night of November 23-24, Sherman began to carry out his role in the drama. He selected Brig. Gen. Giles A. Smith’s brigade to man the pontoon boats, concealed in North Chickamauga Creek, to cross the Tennessee River and secure a bridgehead near the mouth of the South Chickamauga Creek. During the hours of darkness the brigade landed at its designated place. A few soldiers stopped at the mouth of the creek, surprising and capturing the pickets there. The remaining troops landed and prepared to build bridges across the Tennessee River and South Chickamauga Creek. By early afternoon they had finished the bridge across the river, and Sherman’s forces were across and ready to attack. Brig. Gen. Jefferson C. Davis’ Division (Fourteenth Corps), which had guarded the pontoons, also crossed and became part of Sherman’s force.
Sherman attacked and seized the north end of Missionary Ridge at 4 p.m. against only Confederate outpost opposition. To his surprise, Sherman found a deep and wide ravine separating the north end of the ridge from Tunnel Hill immediately southward, his real objective. Cleburne’s Division of Confederate troops had hurried to Tunnel Hill only an hour or two before Sherman seized the north end of Missionary Ridge, and they were busily engaged entrenching there when Sherman arrived across the ravine from them. Sherman did not attack Tunnel Hill that afternoon, but entrenched where he was.
THE BATTLE ABOVE THE CLOUDS, NOVEMBER 24.
While operations were in progress, east of Chattanooga, Hooker moved into action west of the town. The failure of Osterhaus’ Division to join Sherman resulted in another change of orders. A new plan for Hooker to take Lookout Mountain and descend into Chattanooga Valley replaced the original one of having him merely hold Lookout Valley and the route to Bridgeport. Hooker had three divisions in his force commanded by Brigadier Generals Peter J. Osterhaus, John W. Geary, and Charles Cruft, each from a different army corps. Geary was on the right at Wauhatchie, Cruft in the center, and Osterhaus near Brown’s Ferry. It was a unique team. One who was present wrote, “We were all strangers, no one division ever having seen either of the others.”
THE BATTLE OF CHATTANOOGA
NOVEMBER 23, 24, 25, 1863