On this route there are no oases, no date-palms; the road lies through valleys and over plains, lined with rocky mountains, like those of Asben or Aheer. There is no region of sand, but now and then the earth assumes a sandy character. My informant is a Tuatee, who has travelled this route; in fact, no other persons but people of Tuat, unless Hagars and Maghatah, can do so in safety. I could not succeed in extracting more information from my informant. He was a mere barbarian, and pestered me, whilst writing the route, with demands for all sorts of things. Though a resident of the town of Tuat, he was in grain and mould a thorough Targhee bandit.

The different Races in Kuka.

Resident or Strangers.

  1. Shua (the first Arab settlers in Bornou).
  2. Arabs Bengazi.
  3. Arabs Misratah.
  4. Arabs and Moors of Aujilah; Mujabri, from Jalu, or Aujilah.
  5. Fezzanee, or people from Fezzan.
  6. Walad Suleiman, now domiciled in Kuka, and Wady Gazalahs.
  7. People from Tripoli; a very few.
  8. People from the west; a very few.

Belonging to the Sheikh.

  1. Bornouee, bulk of the population.
  2. Kanembu, north-east from Kuka.
  3. Qaiyam, around Kuka, within a few hours.
  4. Manga, west from Kuka.
  5. Baddi, west from Kuka.
  6. Kairi-Kairi, west from Kuka.
  7. Lari, west from Kuka.
  8. Gizzem, south-west from Kuka, twenty days.
  9. Gizzerai, near Gizzem.
  10. Engezer, south of Kuka, ten days.
  11. Kaiauri, south of Kuka, five days.
  12. Babur, south of Kuka, nine days.
  13. Figa, south of Kuka, fifteen days.
  14. Margi, south of Kuka, seven days.
  15. Kobchi, south of Kuka, seven days.
  16. Mulgwai, south of Kuka, ten days.
  17. Massafai, south of Kuka, fifteen days.
  18. Bogwai, south of Kuka, twenty days.[26]
  19. Umbum, south of Kuka, thirty days.[26]
  20. Fali, south of Kuka, thirty-five days.[26]
  21. Umbai, south of Kuka, twenty days.[26]
  22. Koua, south of Kuka, twenty-five days.[26]
  23. Butai, south of Kuka, thirty days.[26]
  24. Maudraui, south of Kuka, eight days.
  25. Begarmi, east of Kuka, twenty days.
  26. People of Logun, near Begarmi.
  27. People from Wadaï; travellers.
  28. Sara, a province near Begarmi, with its own sultan.
  29. 37. Fitri, a province belonging to Wadaï. There is water in the lake of Fitri. People of this province do not come to Kuka.

Route from Tuat to Wadnoun.

From Tuat, or from Ain-Salah, in Tuat, westward, to