1. The quarter elliptic, used on Ford, and similar cars, as illustrated in Fig. 2.
2. The half elliptic, Fig. 2a, which is the most widely-used form. These springs are usually attached with their front end directly to the frame, and with the rear end by means of a shackle; the center is fastened by spring clips to the axle.
Fig. 4. Full Elliptic.
Where a distance rod is used, as on the rear axle, both ends are attached by shackles.
3. The three quarter elliptic, Fig. 3, always used as a suspension for the rear axle. This form gives more flexibility than a half elliptic, and is still stiffer so far as side motion is concerned, than the following type.
4. The full elliptic, Fig. 4, was formerly used much more than at the present time.
There are also in use springs comprising a combination of half elliptic, or three quarter elliptic, on each axle, in which the front end is shackled to the frame, and the rear ends connected by shackles to another half elliptic spring, the center of which is fastened to the frame.
Fig. 4a. Cantilever Spring.