§ 10. In diphthongs the breathing and accent are written over the second vowel. A capital (initial) letter in other cases takes them before it.
§ 11. The punctuation marks are the comma, (,), the semicolon, (·), the period, (.), and the interrogation point, (;).
LESSON II.
EUPHONIC CHANGES.
§ 12. When two consonants come together the first is made homogeneous with the second, as follows:--
§ 13. Mutes of a different class must have the same degree of hardness according to the following classification:--
| Smooth. | Middle. | Rough. | Sibilant (with s.) | |
| Kappa-mutes. | κ | γ | χ | ξ |
| Pi-mutes | π | β | φ | ψ |
| Tau-mutes | τ | δ | ϑ | ζ |
§ 14. A smooth final mute is roughened before a vowel with the rough breathing. A rough mute is not doubled, nor can successive syllables begin with an aspirate. A tau-mute is sometimes dropped before σ, and always before κ; before a different tau-mute it is changed into σ.
§ 15. Before μ a kappa-mute is changed into γ, a pi-mute into μ, and a tau-mute into σ.
§ 16. ν before a kappa-mute becomes γ, before a pi-mute μ, before a liquid (λ, μ, ν, or ρ) it is changed into the same liquid, before σ or ζ it is dropped.