[99] The Ethiopian or Separatist movement is a movement among the Natives of South Africa towards ecclesiastical independence, apparently with the object of obtaining greater political power. Although attempts have, since 1886, been made by Native congregations to break away from European control, the movement did not assume importance until 1892, when one M.M. Makone, subsequently joined by J.M. Dwane, seceded with large followings from the Wesleyan Methodist Church, and set up "The Ethiopian Church" at Pretoria. In consequence of action taken by these Ethiopians, they became affiliated with the African Methodist Episcopal Church of America in 1897, and such connection has since then been strengthened in various ways.
Apart from the foregoing, there have been a number of other secessions. Such churches—also wholly independent of European control—as: Church of the Tembus; Presbyterian Church of Africa; Ethiopian Catholic Church of Zion, have been set up in various parts, whilst, in Natal, there are: Uhlanga Church; African Congregational Church; Zulu Congregational Church; Ibandhla li ka Mosi, etc. It may be added, however, that, in 1900, the South African Episcopal Synod established the "Order of Ethiopia" which, whilst under the jurisdiction of the Bishop, is independent of that of the parochial clergy.
[100] Sometimes referred to as having occurred at Byrnetown. This, however, was not the case.
[101] The poll tax actually collected from Natives in the years 1906-1909 was as follows:
| 1906 | 1907 | 1908 | 1909 | |
| Natal | £68,500 1 | £49,637 10 | £45,150 | £41,498 |
| Zululand | 7,990 6 | 4,267 0 | 3,940 | 3,520 |
| ———— | ————— | ——— | ——— | |
| Total | £76,490 7 | £53,904 10 | £49,090 | £45,018 |
That it was greater in 1906 than in later years, was due to failure by Natives to apply for exemption or to their assuming liability in different ways for the hut tax.
[102] Pigs were disposed of in Weenen division at 1s. to 4s. apiece.
[103] The Magistrate, Umgeni division, was one of the first to attempt collection. On 25th January, however, the Magistrate, Upper Umkomanzi division (Mr. J.Y. Gibson), had made an unsuccessful attempt at Mid-Illovo. The same officer tried again, before the outbreak, to collect, this time at Richmond, but the Chief requested him to defer collecting until some more powerful tribe had paid.
[104] One of them belonged to a different and adjoining tribe.
[105] Natives, in speaking of themselves collectively, frequently use this phrase.