[a4.20.4]. It is customary to call these grants to religious orders ‘grants of land,’ although they entitle only the rents thereof; for there is no seizin of the land itself, as numerous inscriptions testify, and which, as well as the present, prove the proprietary right to be in the cultivator only. The tamba-pattra,[[a4.20.4.A]] or copper-plate patent (by which such grants are probably designated) of Yasodharman,[[a4.20.4.B]] the Pramara prince of Ujjain, seven hundred years ago, is good evidence that the rents only are granted; he commands the crown tenants of the two villages assigned to the temple “to pay all dues as they arise—money-rent—first share of produce,” not a word of seizing of the soil. See Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society, vol. i. p. 223.
[a4.20.4.A]. To distinguish them from grants of land to feudal tenants, which patents (patta) are manuscript.
[a4.20.4.B]. [He defeated Mihiragula, leader of the White Huns, about A.D. 528 (Smith, EHI, 318).]
[5]. [The sacred basil plant, Ocymum sanctum.]
[6]. A khal is one of the heaps after the corn is thrashed out, about five maunds [400 lbs.].
[7]. The gadha-ghal is a punishment unknown in any but the Hindu code; the hieroglyphic import appears on the pillar, and must be seen to be understood.
[8]. Revenue officers.
[9]. Literally ‘immortal,’ from mara, ‘death,’ and the privative prefix.
[10]. Schools or colleges of the Yatis.
[11]. Priests of the Jains.