[14]. Turner, when discussing the history of the Sakai, or Sakaseni, of the Caspian, whom he justly supposes to be the Saxons of the Baltic, takes occasion to introduce some words of Scythic origin (preserved by ancient writers), to almost every one of which, without straining etymology, we may give a Sanskrit origin. [There is no ground for ascribing a Scythic origin to the proper names in the text.]
| Scythic. | Sanskrit or Bhakha. | |
| Exampaios | sacred ways | Agham is the sacred book; pai and pada, a foot; pantha, a path. |
| Arimu | one | Ad is the first; whence Adima, or man. |
| Spou | an eye. | |
| Oior | a man. | |
| Pata | to kill | Badh, to kill. |
| Tahiti | the chief deity is Vesta | Tap is heat or flame; the type of Vesta. |
| Papaios | ” ” | Jupiter Baba, or Bapa, the universal father. The Hindu Jiva-pitri, or Father of Life [?]. |
| Oitosuros | ” ” Apollo | Aitiswara, or Sun-God, applicable to Vishnu, who has every attribute of Apollo; from ait, contraction of aditya, the sun. |
| Artimpasa, or Aripasa | ” ” Venus | Apsaras because born from the froth or essence, ‘sara,’ of the waters, ‘ap’ [‘going in the water’]. |
| Thamimasadus | ” ” Neptune | Thoenatha; or God of the Waters. |
| Apia | wife of Papaios, or Earth | Amba, Ama, Uma, is the universal mother; wife of ‘Baba Adam,’ as they term the universal father. |
See Turner’s History of the Anglo-Saxons, vol. i. p. 35. [Many of the identifications are obsolete.]
[15]. Sir W. Jones, “On the Lunar Year of the Hindus,” Asiatic Researches, vol. iii. p. 257.
[16]. Bhaskara saptami, in honour of the sun, as a form of Vishnu (Varaha Purana) Makari, from the sun entering the constellation Makara (Pisces), the first of the solar Magha (see Asiatic Researches, vol. iii. p. 273).
[18]. This word appears to have the same import as Thor, the sun-god and war divinity of the Scandinavians. [? Thāwar, Saturday; Skt. sthāvara, ‘stationary.’]
[19]. Odin is also called As or ‘lord’; the Gauls also called him Oes or Es, and with a Latin termination Hesus, whom Lucan calls Esus; Edda, vol. ii. pp. 45-6. The celebrated translator of these invaluable remnants of ancient superstitions, by which alone light can be thrown on the origin of nations, observes that Es or Oes is the name for God with all the Celtic races. So it was with the Tuscans, doubtless from the Sanskrit, or rather from a more provincial tongue, the common contraction of Iswara, the Egyptian Osiris, the Persian Syr, the sun-god. [These words have, of course, no connexion. Syria perhaps derives its name from the Suri, a north-Euphratian tribe (Encyclopaedia Biblica, iv. 4845).]
[20]. Which Mallet, from Hesychius, interprets ‘good star.’ [The name Goetosyrus or Octosyrus (Herodotus iv. 59) is so uncertain in form that it is useless to propose etymologies for it (E. H. Minns, Scythians and Greeks, 86). Rawlinson (Herodotus, 3rd ed. ii. 93) compares Greek αἴθος, Skt. sūrya, in the sense ‘bright, burning Sun.’]
[21]. Mallet’s Northern Antiquities, vol. ii. p. 42.