[4]. The balahi or balaiti is the shepherd of the community, who drives the village flock to the common pasturage; and, besides his serana, has some trifling reward from every individual. It is his especial duty to prevent cattle-trespasses. [For a good account of allowances to village servants and menials see B. H. Baden-Powell, The Indian Village Community, 16 ff.]
[5]. [Properly the leather bag by means of which water is raised for irrigation.]
[6]. This goes to feed the cultivator, if he works himself.
[7]. [The yield of coarse sugar (gur) is now estimated at 30 or 40 maunds (28½ cwt.) per acre; but as much as 50 maunds (36 cwt.) has been recorded (Watt, Econ. Prod. 947).]
[8]. [The flowering of the cane is regarded as an evil omen. In India the cane rarely seeds; in fact, it is rarely allowed to flower (Watt, Econ. Dict. vi. Part ii. 83).]
[9]. [The king may take an eighth, sixth, or twelfth part of the crop (Manu, Laws, vii. 130).]
[10]. [Mālwa or Mālava is derived from the tribe of that name, but the name Mālava-desa, ‘land of the Mālavas,’ is not mentioned in Sanskrit literature before the second century B.C.; and the tract now known as Mālwa was not called by that name till the tenth century A.D., or even later (IGI, xvii. 100 f.; BG, i. Part i. 28, Part ii. 311).]
[11]. [Sāsan, land granted to Brāhmans, Ascetics, Chārans, and Bhāts, by royal decree and rent-free. It pays nothing but some miscellaneous taxes, is inalienable, but it can be mortgaged.]
[12]. [Māndhātri, son of Yuvanāswa of the race of Ikshwāku, a legendary monarch, is said to have “reduced the seven continental zones under his dominion” (Vishnu Purāna, 363; Dowson, Classical Dict., s.v.). The holy place Māndhāta in the Nimār District, Central Provinces, is said to take its name from him (Gazetteer Central Provinces, 1870, p. 258).]
[13]. [Pāsbān means ‘a watcher.’ Dr. Tessitori writes that the proper form of the word is Pāsvān or Pāsvāni, a term applied to the confidential domestics of a chief, and it is often, as in this case, synonymous with ‘favourite.’ It denotes no particular caste, but is commonly applied to a slave favourite or concubine.]