[14]. The Education of Henry Adams (Boston, 1918), pp. 7 ff.
[15]. Semple, Influences of Geographic Environment, p. 618. Both Miss Semple and A. P. Brigham (Geographic Influences in American History, New York, 1903) lay their main stress on land-forms. For climatic influences, vide W. N. Lacy, “Some Climatic Influences in American History,” in Monthly Weather Review, vol. XXXVI, pp. 169 ff.; Huntington, Civilization and Climate, ubi supra; and The Red Man's Continent (Yale University Press, 1919).
[16]. For the influence of the sea on subsidiary industries, vide M. Keir, “Some Influences of the Sea upon the Industries of New England,” American Geographical Review, vol. v, pp. 399 ff.
[17]. Jean Brunhes, La géographie humaine (Paris, 1912), p. 6.
[18]. In the Middle Ages there was apparently an additional volcanic island, known as Gunnbiörn's Skerries, between Iceland and Greenland, destroyed by eruption in 1456. R. H. Major, Voyages of the Zeni (Hakluyt Society, 1873), pp. lxxiv ff.
[19]. Lord Bryce, The Relations of the Advanced and Backward Races of Mankind (Romanes Lecture; Oxford, 1902), p. 40. He contrasts the failure of Christianity with the success of Islam in that regard.
[20]. Gilbert Murray, The Rise of the Greek Epic (Oxford, 1911), p. 54.
[21]. F. W. Hodge, Handbook of American Indians north of Mexico (Bureau of American Ethnology, 1911), vol. 1, pp. 578, 88, 286; L. Farrand, Basis of American History (New York, 1904), p. 265.
[22]. G. Friederici, Skalpieren u. ähnliche Kriegsgebräuche in Amerika (Braunschweig, 1906), p. 106.
[23]. G. E. Ellis, The Red Man and the White Man in America (Boston, 1882), p. 123.