[54]. “The Englishmen, who commonly are lords of the harbors where they fish, and do use all strangers helpe in fishing if need require, accordinge to an old custome of the countrey.” Letter of Anthony Parkhurst, 1578, in Hakluyt, Voyages (Glasgow, 1904), vol. VIII, p. 10. H. P. Biggar states that the English were so heavily interested in the American fisheries by 1522, that the Vice-Admiral sent several men-of-war to the mouth of the Channel to protect the returning vessels. Early Trading Companies of New France (Toronto, 1901), p. 20.
[55]. Cf. W. Heyd, Geschichte des Levantehandels in Mittelälter (Stuttgart, 1879), vol. II, pp. 514-40.
[56]. H. J. Mackinder, “The Geographical Pivot of History,” in The Geographical Journal, April, 1904, pp. 421-44.
[57]. If “these thinges be sett downe and executed duelye and with speed and effecte, no doubte but the Spanishe empire falles to the grounde, and the Spanishe kinge shall be lefte bare as Aesops proude crowe ... if you touche him in the Indies, you touche the apple of his eye; for take away his treasure, which is neruus belli, and which he hath almoste oute of his West Indies, his olde bandes of souldiers will soone be dissolved, his purposes defeated, his power and strengthe diminished, his pride abated, and his tyranie utterly suppressed.” R. Hakluyt, “A Discourse concerning Western Planting”; Maine Historical Society Collections, vol. II, p. 59.
[58]. Hakluyt, Voyages, vol. VII, p. 190.
[59]. Cited by Alexander Brown, Genesis of the United States (Boston, 1890), pp. 9 f. The original source is not indicated.
[60]. It is given in Hakluyt, Voyages, vol. VIII, pp. 17-23.
[61]. W. Cunningham, The Growth of English Industry and Commerce (Cambridge, 1892), vol. II, pp. 31-33.
[62]. M. J. Bonn, Die Englische Kolonisation in Irland (Stuttgart, 1906), vol. I, pp. 265-373.
[63]. Brown, Genesis, p. 860.