[215]. The captain was Christopher Jones, and not the Captain Thomas Jones of unsavory memory. J. R. Hutchinson, “The Mayflower, her Identity and Tonnage,” New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. LXX, pp. 337-42. Also Usher, Pilgrims, p. 72. The ship is thought to have been in the wine trade for several years; and as a wine ship was known among sailors as a “sweet” ship, this may have had something to do with the remarkable health of the Pilgrims on the voyage. For disease on shipboard during that period, cf. Oppenheim, Administration of the Royal Navy, vol. I, p. 136. Drake on his famous voyage lost 600 out of a crew of 2,300.
[216]. Bradford, Plymouth, pp. 42, 60.
[217]. John Robinson, Works (Boston, 1851), vol. I, p. 39.
[218]. Robinson, Works, vol. I, p. 40. The italics are mine. Cf. Buckle, History of Civilization, vol. I, p. 337: “In every Christian country where it [toleration] has been adopted, it has been forced upon the clergy by the authority of the secular classes.”
[219]. Winslow, in Young, Chronicles, p. 397. Dr. H. M. Dexter has vigorously attacked the idea of Robinson's having been broad-minded in the modern sense, and thinks his words refer only to church discipline and not to belief. Congregationalism in the last 300 Years, pp. 400 ff. From a study of Robinson's writings, I cannot agree with him. Cf. Davis (John Robinson, pp. 241-65), who also disagrees with Dexter; and the very just estimate by H. H. Henson, Studies in Religion in the 17th Century (London, 1903), pp. 234 ff.; and W. W. Fenn, “John Robinson's Farewell Address,” Harvard Theological Review, July, 1920, pp. 236 ff.
[220]. Bradford, Plymouth, pp. 68 ff.
[221]. The list is in Bradford, Plymouth, pp. 447-55; cf. also Dexter, England and Holland, p. 650.
[222]. Bradford, Plymouth, p. 77.
[223]. First suggested by Nathaniel Morton in his Memorial, 1669 (ed. Boston, 1855), p. 22. The statement is now generally discredited, though frequently repeated. Dr. Ames, The Mayflower and her Log, pp. 100 ff., attempted to revive it by identifying Christopher Jones with the now discarded Thomas.
[224]. Bradford, Plymouth, pp. 89 ff.