On August 25, 1951, three pintails fed in a small creek at the southwest corner of Chandler Lake. They were the first observed in the area where we began camping on August 9.
Anas carolinensis Gmelin: Green-winged teal.—On September 4, 1951, one green-winged teal was on a small lake approximately 1¼ miles northwest of Umiat.
Aythya marila nearctica Stejneger: Greater scaup.—On July 8, 1952, approximately ½ mile southwest of the east end of Wahoo Lake, a nest of seven eggs of this species was located on the edge of a small lake. Three males swam together in the lake.
Clangula hyemalis (Linnaeus): Old squaw.—Specimens, 5; Barrier Lake, NE Teshekpuk Lake, 153°05'40", 70°39'40", 8 ft., No. 35080, ad. female and 30581, ad. female, July 30, 1951; Topagaruk River, 155°48', 70°34', 10 ft., No. 30582, ad. female, July 7, 1951; Kaolak River, 159°47'40", 70°11'15", 30 ft., No. 50579, ad. female, July 14, 1951 and No. 50578, ad. sex?, July 15, 1951.
Two old squaws were feeding in Salt Water Lagoon on June 17, 1952. On June 30, 1952, a nest of seven eggs was 20 feet from the edge of a lake at Umiat. One of the eggs was infertile and in the others embryos had barely begun to form. The nest was unattended but the eggs were warm and covered with down feathers. The next day the male was in the lake adjoining the nest and the female was on the nest; we collected the eggs on this date. The nest was in a natural depression in the moss on top of a hummock one foot high. A dwarf alder gave overhead protection.
Each night, at approximately 10:00 P.M. (July 3-11, 1952) a male lit in Wahoo Lake and preened, ruffled and adjusted its feathers. This behavior indicated to us that he had just been relieved from incubating eggs. Old squaws were noted also on a small lake approximately ½ mile southeast of Wahoo Lake on July 8.
Most of the old squaws (July 4-10, 1951) were in pairs or small groups at Topagaruk. They constituted less than one per cent of the avian population and were more commonly seen around the edges of stabilized lakes of medium size than elsewhere. One adult female shot on July 7, weighed 600 grams and had ova as large as 17 millimeters in diameter.
On July 8, 1952, between 1:00 A.M. and 2:00 A.M., the ice started to move and formed leads near the shore of the Arctic Ocean at Point Barrow. Ordinarily the ice does not leave until approximately the 20th of the month. These new leads brought greater numbers of old squaws nearer shore. At 6:00 P.M. that same day eighteen old squaw ducks sat on the ice off-shore and approximately 100 flew to the east in three separate groups.
At Kaolak River (July 12-18, 1951), old squaws were observed every day. On a four hour field trip (July 15), four adults were seen. On July 18 an old squaw was flying in company with a male pintail. An Eskimo hunting party of three men had killed a female (July 18) near our camp and were going to prepare it for food that evening.
At Kaolak (July 21-27, 1951) we observed one pair with young and two single adults.