Other carriage ironwork may be generally divided into stays, plates, hoops, clips, bolts, steps, treads, joints, shackles, and jacks.
Stays are iron brackets of various forms, bolted by their extremities to such parts as they are intended to sustain or strengthen, but they do not take a bearing on any part.
Plates are irons which take a bearing throughout their length and breadth on the part they are intended to strengthen, and to which they are fastened by bolts, screws, or rivets.
Fig. 32.
| AXLE CLIP | |||||
| CARRIAGE BOLT | POINTED TIRE BOLT | STEP BOLT | ELLIPTIC HEAD PERCH BOLT | T HEAD OR SHAFT BOLT | CONE HEAD BOLT |
Hoops are flat straps of iron riveted or welded together, for the purpose of securing timbers together side by side.
Clips are a kind of open hoops, the ends of which have a thread run upon them in order to take nuts. The purposes for which they are used is to screw springs and axles in their places without having to weaken them by drilling holes through them.
Bolts are cylindrical pieces of iron of various sizes ([Fig. 32]), one end of which is flattened out to form a head, and the other is formed into a screw to receive a nut. The use to which they are applied is to secure the ironwork and heavy framework.
Steps may be single, double, or treble. In the two latter cases they are made to fold up, and are called folding steps, and may be made to fold up outside or into the body; this latter is the best way, and if they be well managed they do not incommode the sitters inside.