The colours in a dry powder are ground up in this medium, and put into tubes for use. Spike oil to be used freely in the dipper, when painting.

Photo. Alinari.

[[To face p. 39].

Plate 11.—The Birth of the Virgin

Giotto, Cloister of Sta. Maria Novella, Florence

CHAPTER VI
TECHNICAL NOTES ON THE COMPOSITION, COLOUR, AND PRESENT STATE OF SOME ITALIAN FRESCOS

During a visit to Italy in the summer of last year the writer made some notes on the composition, colour, technique, and present state of some of the Italian frescos, which he hopes may interest the reader.