I have also to thank Mr. T. M. Lindsay for the use of his drawing of the monument of Lysikrates, and the Science and Art Department for permission to use many of the illustrations of their excellent handbooks on decorative art.

In a succeeding volume to this work, the various divisions of the Industrial Arts and Crafts will be treated in their historical developments of decoration and workmanship.

In conclusion, I trust that the contents of these pages will be helpful to students in art schools, and to others who may desire to have an introduction to the fascinating study of Historic Ornament.

J. Ward.

CONTENTS.

PAGE
Introductory Chapter[1]
CHAPTER II.
Prehistoric Ornament—Palæolithic Period or Early Stone Age—River Drift and Cave-men[7]
CHAPTER III.
Neolithic Stone Period[14]
CHAPTER IV.
The Bronze Age[21]
CHAPTER V.
The Iron Age[35]
CHAPTER VI.
The Lake Dwellings of Switzerland and other parts of Europe[48]
CHAPTER VII.
Egyptian Art—History—Architecture—Industrial Arts[55]
CHAPTER VIII.
Chaldean and Assyrian Art—History—Architecture—Industrial Art[112]
CHAPTER IX.
Phœnician Art—History—Trading—Architecture—Industrial Art—Art in Cyprus[158]
CHAPTER X.
Art in Ancient Persia—History—Architecture—Decoration[183]
CHAPTER XI.
Grecian Art—People—Mythology[208]
CHAPTER XII.
Art in Primitive Greece—Mycenæ—Troy—Tiryns—Architecture—Industrial art[225]
CHAPTER XIII.
Greek and Roman Orders of Architecture—Lycian Tombs—Greek Orders—Etruscan Architecture—Roman Orders[242]
CHAPTER XIV.
Greek and Roman Architectural Ornament—Pompeian Architecture[262]
CHAPTER XV.
Indian art and Architecture[271]
CHAPTER XVI.
Chinese and Japanese Architecture[281]
CHAPTER XVII.
Early Christian Architecture—Byzantine Architecture[285]
CHAPTER XVIII.
Saracenic Architecture and Ornament[301]
CHAPTER XIX.
Romanesque Architecture and Ornament[330]
CHAPTER XX.
Gothic Architecture and Ornament[348]
CHAPTER XXI.
Renaissance Architecture and Ornament[369]

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

FIG. PAGE
Monument of Lysikrates[Frontispiece]
278.Alabaster Frieze[227]
279.Alabaster Frieze Plan[227]
343.Alhambra Diaper, Superposed Ornament[305]
331.Ambo or Pulpit from St. George’s at Salonica[287]
83.Amen or Ammon[58]
93.Amenophis III. Presenting an Offering to Amen[67]
319.Ancient Panel, Florence[267]
193.Andro-Sphinx, Robe of Assurbanipal[144]
162.Anou, or Dagon, Nimroud[120]
314.Anthemion, Carved[264]
71.Animal Ornamented Patterns, Corrupted Figures of Lions[44]
72.   ”       ”        ”                   ”[44]
73.   ”       ”        ”                   ”[44]
132.Antelope and Papyrus[97]
270.Apollo Belvedere[218]
341.Arabesque Ornament from the Wekāla of Kāit Bey[302]
350.Arcades in the Mosque of Ibn-Tūlūn[312]
352.Arches: a, Ogee; b, Horseshoe; c, Pointed[313]
282.Architrave and Frieze, Mycenian Palace[229]
161.Assyrian Standard[120]
180.Assyrian Base in Limestone[136]
163.Assurbanipal Attacked by Lions[121]
181.Assyrian Capital[137]
183.Assurbanipal and his Queen after his Victory over Teuman[137]
185.Assyrian Stool[139]
217.Astarte, Terra-cotta[164]
268.Athene Polias (Villa Albani)[216]
169.Babylonian Brick[129]
62.Barbarian Copy of a Roman Medallion[40]
253.Base of Pillar at Susa[196]
254.Base and Capital from Persepolis, Propylæa[198]
255.Base and Capital, from Hypostyle Hall of Xerxes, Persepolis[199]
307.Bas-Relief on the Arch of Titus[258]
382.Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire[341]
400A.Bishopstone Church, Wilts, Priests’ Entrance[361]
234.Bottle with Incised Ornament, from Cesnola[176]
235.Bottle with Geometric Decoration[176]
237.Bowl in the Piot Collection[178]
196.Bouquet of Flowers and Buds[146]
125.Border from Thebes[93]
41.Breast-plate, with Spiral Ornaments[24]
28.Bronze Axes, Paalstabs, and Moulds[22]
29.     ”             ”[22]
30.     ”             ”[22]
31.     ”             ”[22]
32.     ”             ”[22]
33.     ”             ”[22]
34.     ”             ”[22]
35.Bronze Swords and Spear-head[23]
36.     ”             ”[23]
37.     ”             ”[23]
38.     ”             ”[23]
39.Bronze Button for Sword Belt[24]
40.     ”                ”[24]
45.Bronze Bowl found in Sweden[26]
47.Bronze Hatchet found in Sweden[27]
50.Bronze Horn[29]
54.     ”[32]
57.Bronze and Gold Buttons[33]
58.   ”           ”[33]
63.Bracteate, Golden[40]
64.            ”[41]
186.Bronze Foot of a Piece of Furniture[140]
204.Bronze Platter[153]
205.Bronze Cups[154]
206.Bronze Cup, Border of[155]
209.Bronze Bucket[157]
326.Brahminical Rock Temple at Ellora[275]
170.Brick from Erech[129]
339.Byzantine Capital from Santa Sophia[298]
264.Cameo of Athenion[211]
177.Capital of Temple, Assyrian[135]
178.     ”               ”[135]
221.Capital, Cypriot[168]
222.     ”[168]
223.Capital at Djezza, Limestone[169]
224.Capital from Kition[169]
225.Capital from Golgos[170]
302.Capital of the Lysikrates Monument[251]
336.Capital from Santa Sophia[297]
337.Capital from St. Demetrius at Salonica[297]
338.Capital from St. Demetrius[297]
372.Capital from Wartburg[335]
378.Capital from Palace of Barbarossa[338]
379.Capital from St. Cross, Winchester[338]
148.Carpenters Making Chairs[108]
212.Carthaginian Coin, Silver[161]
213.Carthaginian Coin, Electrum[161]
388.Cathedral of Nôtre Dame, Paris[349]
123.Ceiling Decoration at Thebes[92]
431.Ceiling by Serlio[401]
432.Ceiling by Sansovino[402]
410.Certosa of Pavia, portion of[376]
146.Chair, Egyptian[107]
147.      ”[107]
191.Chariot Horses[142]
426.Cinquecento Ornament[398]
428.      ”         ”[399]
429.      ”         ”[400]
430.      ”         ”[400]
216.Coin of Byblos, Enlarged, with Sacred Cone[163]
265.Coins of Elis, with the Phidian Zeus[212]
149.Coffer in Wood[108]
55.Collar of Bronze[33]
390.Cologne Cathedral, Window Gable[352]
109.Column of Thothmes III., from the Ambulatory of Thothmes[83]
110.Column from Hypostyle Hall of the Ramesseum[84]
118.Column from Bas-Relief[88]
252.Column with Volute Capital, Persepolis[196]
189.Combat between a Lion and a Unicorn[142]
335.Cornice from Santa Sophia[296]
69.Corrupted Figures of Lions[44]
70.     ”            ”[44]
397.Crockets, Lincoln[359]
258.Crowing Wall of the Staircase, Palace of Xerxes, at Persepolis[202]
353.Cusped Inter-Arching, Mosque of Cordova[314]
363.Cursive Writing from the Alhambra[323]
207.Cylinder from Soldi[156]
208.Cylinder, Assyrian. Worship of Sacred Tree[156]
56.Danish Bronze Knives[33]
317.Decorated Mouldings from Temple of Minerva, Polias[266]
155.Demons, from the Palace of Assurbanipal[115]
194.Detail from the Enamelled Archivolt, Khorsabad[145]
238.Detail of the Decoration of a Cup[179]
273.Diana of Versailles[221]
441.Dietterlin’s Architecture[408]
275.[275.]Dionysus and the Lion[223]
25.Dolmen at Hesbon[20]
359.Doorway of a Private House[320]
384.Door of St. Gabriel’s, South of France[342]
190.Dog used for Lion Hunting[142]
399.Dog’s Tooth Ornament, Stone Church, Kent[360]
7A.Drawing of Human and Animal Forms by Bushmen[12]
7B.Drawing of Animals by Bushmen[13]
157.Eagle-headed Divinity from Nimrod, with Sacred Tree[117]
233.Earring, Gold, from Cesnola[175]
21.Earthenware of the New Stone Age[18]
22.   ”      ”      ”[18]
23.   ”      ”      ”[18]
24.   ”      ”      ”[18]
345.East Colonnade of the Mosque of 'Amr[307]
152.Egyptian Ship[110]
248.Elevations and Sections of Doorways and Windows of a Palace at Persepolis[192]
162A.Embroidery from a Royal Mantle, Assyrian[123]
163A.Embroidery on the Upper Part of a King’s Mantle[124]
164.Embroidery Detail of Upper Part of King’s Mantle[125]
165.     ”     ”     ”[125]
260.Enamelled Ornament on Bricks from Susa[204]
140.Enamelled Earthenware Dish[102]
141.Enamelled Earthenware Bowl[102]
220.Entablature from a Temple at Byblos[167]
283.Entablature Restored, Mycenian Palace[230]
284.Entablature of C. Selinous’ Temple[231]
301.Entablature, Capital, and Base of Greek Ionic Temple[249]
306.Entablature of Jupiter Tonans[257]
96.Entrance to Hypostyle, Hall of Temple Amen[71]
4.Esquimaux Carving[9]
5.Etching of Reindeer on Bone[10]
6.Etching of Reindeer on Slate[11]
7.Etching of Mammoth on a Piece of Mammoth Ivory[11]
303.Etruscan Door[252]
98.Façade of the Great Rock-cut Temple, Ipsamboul[73]
192.Fantastic Animal[143]
409.Farnese Palace, Upper Story of[375]
184.Feast of Assurbanipal, Enlarged Detail[138]
66.Fibula in Gilt Bronze[43]
67.     ”     ”[43]
158.Figure of a Goddess in Act of Adoration[118]
245.Fire Altars at Naksh-i-Rustem[189]
126.Flattened form of Lotus-Leaf Ornament[93]
404.Flamboyant Panel[365]
405.Flamboyant Panelling[365]
8.Flint Implements of the Neolithic Period[15]
9.     ”     ”     ”[15]
10.     ”     ”     ”[15]
11.     ”     ”     ”[15]
12.     ”     ”     ”[16]
13.     ”     ”     ”[16]
14.     ”     ”     ”[16]
15.     ”     ”     ”[17]
16.     ”     ”     ”[17]
424.Floral Ornament, Italian[396]
396.Florence Cathedral, Window Gable[358]
144.Fragment of an Ivory Castanet[105]
167[167].Fragment of Border of Fig. 166; from a Threshold of Khorsabad[127]
179.Fragment of an Assyrian Building, from a Bas-Relief[136]
247.Fragment of Door Frame, from Hypostyle Hall, Susa[191]
281.Fragment of Frieze, Mycenæ[228]
310.Frets, Greek[262]
311.Fret, Greek, Carved[263]
244.Funeral Tower at Naksh-i-Rustem[187]
171.Gates of the Harum at Dur Sargini[130]
330.Gateway of Temple of Confucius[282]
27.Giant’s Tomb, Sardinia[20]
86.Goddess Bast or Pasht[60]
53.Gold Bowl[32]
59.Gold-plated Ornament[38]
143.Golden Hawk, Egyptian[104]
230.Gold Bracelet, from Tharros[174]
291.Gold Pendant, from Troy[237]
292.Gold Ornaments, from Troy[237]
293.Gold Plate, from Troy[238]
294.Gold Disc, from Troy[238]
295.     ”     ”[239]
296.Gold Cup, from Troy[240]
297.Gold Ewer, from Troy[241]
101.“Gorge,” Egyptian[76]
406.Gothic Arches[366]
407.Gothic Tracery[367]
401.Gothic Mouldings[362]
102.General Appearance of an Egyptian Temple[77]
87.Great Pyramid of Kheops[62]
91.Great Sphinx[65]
315.Greek Border with Fret Bands[265]
316.Greek Ivy Meander Border[265]
156.Griffin in Egyptian Style[116]
200.Guilloche Ornament on Enamelled Brick[149]
312.Guilloche, Treble Ornament[263]
313.Guilloche, Ornament, Double[264]
304.Half Capital, Mars Ultor[254]
65.Harness in Gilt Bronze, Fibula Decorations[42]
114.Hathoric Pier[85]
120.Hathor-headed Campaniform Capital, Temple of Nectanebo, at Philæ[89]
263.Head of one of the Lions from Frieze at Susa[207]
267.Head of Hera[214]
272.Hermes, Statue of[220]
414.Holland House, Ancient Parlour of[385]
1.Horse, Upper Cave Earth, Robin Hood Cave[8]
127.Hunting in a Marsh, from a Bas-Relief in the Tomb of Ti[94]
131.Hunting in the Desert[96]
2.Ibex Carved on an Antler[8]
80.Ideal Lake Settlement[52]
360.Illuminated Koran of the Sultan Sha’ Ban[321]
241.Intaglio on Chalcedony[182]
427.Italian Panel[398]
172.Interior of a Temple after Layard’s Restoration[131]
329.Interior of the Palace at Delhi[279]
369.Intersecting Blind Arcade[333]
82.Isis Nursing her Son Horus[56]
145.Ivory Plaque[106]
201.     ”[150]
202.Ivory Plaque found at Nimroud[151]
203.Ivory Fragment in British Museum[152]
280.Ivory Plaque from Mycenæ[228]
308.Jewish Candlestick from Arch of Titus[259]
97.Khita, Rout of the[72]
362.Kufic Writing, from the Alhambra[323]
78.Lacustrine Habitation in Lake Mohrya, Central Africa[49]
79.Lake Dwellings, Sections and Plans[50]
385.Landgrave’s Room at Wartburg[344]
81.Lake Dwellings, Objects from[from][53]
356.Lattice-work, Saracenic[317]
357.     ”     ”[318]
358.     ”     ”[318]
138.Lion from a Theban Bas-Relief[101]
187.Lion coming out of his Cage[140]
188.Lion and Lioness in a Park[141]
262.Lion from the Lion Frieze in Enamelled Bricks at Susa[206]
277.Lion’s Gate, Mycenæ[226]
122.Lotus, Drawing from the Tomb of Ptah-Hotep[91]
124.Lotus and Water-Leaf Ornament[93]
106.Luxor, Plan of Temple[80]
107.Luxor, as Restored, Bird’s-eye View[81]
298.Lycian Rock-built Tomb[243]
299.     ”     ”     ”[244]
395.Marienberg Town Hall[357]
290.Marseilles Ewer[236]
348.Mausoleum at Cairo[309]
228.Medallion from a Cup from Griffi[173]
274.Melpomene, Vatican[222]
26.Menhirs, Sardinia[19]
92.Memnon at Thebes, Statues of, Colossi of Amenophis III.[66]
347.Minaret of the Mosque at Kaloum, Cairo[309]
105.Model of an Egyptian House[79]
60.Mountings, Metal[39]
61.     ”     ”[39]
218.Model of a Small Temple in Terra Cotta[165]
351.Moorish Capital[313]
349.Mosque of Kāit[Kāit] Bey, Cairo[310]
130.Mummy-Case, Painting on[96]
420.Mural Painting, Pompeii[392]
323.Mural Painting, from Pompeii[270]
242.Naksh-i-Rustem, General View of the Rock-cut Tombs[184]
416.Nest of Scroll, Roman[388]
133.Netting Birds, from a Tomb[98]
381.Norman Doorway, Semperingham Church, Lincolnshire[340]
121.Nymphæa Nelumbo[90]
104.Oblong Building, Egyptian[78]
239.Œnochœ, New York Museum[180]
240.     ”       ”   ”     ”[181]
322.Ogee Decorated—Astragal, Jupiter Stator[269]
324.Ornament from Asoka’s Pillar[272]
361.Ornament from the Portal of Sultan Hasan[322]
422.Ornament, Ghiberti Gates[393]
365.Ornament on an Arch of the Wekāla Kāit[Kāit] Bey[326]
439.Ornament from Doorway, Crewe Hall[407]
321.Ogee and Fluted Cavetto Moulding; Jupiter Tonans[268]
85.Osiris[60]
318.Ovolo with Egg and Tongue, from the Erectheum[266]
320.Ovolo and Astragal Mouldings, Roman[268]
334.Opus Alexandrinum Pavement[293]
198.Painted Ornament on Plaster[148]
332.Painting from the Catacombs of St. Agnese[289]
269.Pallus Athene, Naples[217]
119.Palm Capital from Sesebi[88]
300.Parthenon; Greek Doric[247]
366.Panel from the Maristan of Kalaun[328]
367.     ”       ”       ”       ”[328]
434.Panel, Carved, Henri II. Style[404]
435.  ”      ”        ”        ”[404]
436.  ”      ”French, Sixteenth Century[404]
437.  ”      ”from Louvre[405]
440.  ”      ”Elizabethan[407]
438.Panelling, Elizabethan[406]
227.Patera from Curium[172]
142.Pectoral; Egyptian[103]
402.Pedestal, Henry VII.'s Chapel[363]
232.Pendant, Wild Goat; Gold[175]
150.Perfume Spoons[109]
151.   ”      ”[109]
243.Persepolis; Tomb on the North-east[185]
246.Persepolis; Staircase of the Palace of Darius[190]
249.Persepolis; Doorway to Royal Tomb[193]
113.Pier with Capital[85]
433.Pilasters, Louis XII.[403]
421.Pilaster by Donatello[393]
287.Pilgrim Bottle[234]
115.Pillar, Octagonal, Beni-Hassan[86]
116.Pillar, Sixteen-sided, Fluted[86]
117.Pillar Osiride, from Medinet-Abou[87]
328.Pillar and Bracket, Doorway of a Pagoda[278]
210.Phœnician Merchant Galley[159]
211.Phœnician War Galley[160]
226.Phœnician Silver Platter[171]
51.Pinak or Plate, from Rhodes[30]
139.Pitcher of Red Earth[102]
403.Place House, Cornwall[364]
168.Plan and Elevation of a part of a Façade at Worka[128]
346.Plan of the Mosque of 'Amr[308]
383.Pointed Arcading from the Cathedral of Palermo[341]
17.Polished Stone Hammer and Celts, Neolithic Period[17]
18.   ”      ”      ”      ”          ”[17]
19.   ”      ”      ”      ”          ”[17]
20.   ”      ”      ”      ”          ”[17]
417.Pompeian Objects[389]
371.Porch of the Heilsbronn Monastery[334]
380.Porch of St. Zeno at Verona[339]
76.Pottery of the Iron Age[46]
3.Prehistoric Carving[9]
99.Principal Hall in the Great Temple[74]
108.Principal Façade of the Temple of Luxor[82]
84.Ptah[58]
354.Pulpit of the Sultan Kāit[Kāit] Bey[315]
364.Pulpit in the Mosque of Barkuk; Stone[328]
111.Quadrangular Pier[84]
112.Quadrangular Pier, Tapering[85]
134.Quadruped with Head of a Bird[98]
136.Ram or Krisosphinx[100]
100.Rameses II., Louvre, Portrait of[75]
68.Rim of Fig. 67, Part of[43]
153.River Transport of a Mummy[110]
305.Roman Corinthian, Pantheon[255]
373.Romanesque Shaft and Base[335]
375.Romanesque Ornament, late[335]
376.Romanesque Moulding Ornaments[336]
386.Romanesque Ornament from Hinge from “Notre Dame”[345]
387.Romanesque Panel from a Church at Bonn[346]
374.Roof Cornice of Church at Alstadt[335]
370.Rose Window[333]
342.Rosette in Mosque of Suyurghatmish[303]
195.Rosette of Lotus Flowers and Buds[146]
415.Rosette from Trajan’s Scroll[387]
368.Round-Arch Frieze[333]
309.Roman Composite Order; Arch of Titus[260]
215.Sacred Emblems from Carthaginian Votive Stele[162]
411.San Marco Library[377]
325.Sanchi Tope; Bhopal, Central India[274]
174.Sargon’s Palace[133]
175.Sargon’s Palace, a Bedroom in the Harem[134]
251.Sarvistan, Palace of, Principal Façade[195]
88.Section through the Great Pyramid of Kheops[63]
95.Seti with Attributes of Osiris between Amen and Chnoum[70]
166.Sill of a Door from Khorsabad[126]
231.Silver Pin; Cesnola[175]
52.Silver Brooch[31]
74.Silver Goblet, with Gold-plated Decorations[45]
90.Southern Pyramid of Dashour[64]
94.Solar-Disk, Adoration of, by Amenophis IV.[69]
103.Square Building; Egyptian[78]
257.Staircase Wall of the Palace of Xerxes at Persepolis[201]
344.Stalactite Vaulting[306]
89.Stepped Pyramid[64]
412.St. Paul and St. Louis façade[381]
340.St. Nicholas at Moscow[299]
408.Strozzi Palace, portion of[374]
355.Street in Cairo[316]
48.Sun Signs[27]
49.Sun Snakes[27]
400.Spandrel, Stone Church, Kent[360]
135.Sphinx, or Man-headed Lion; from Tanis[99]
137.Sphinx with Human Hands[101]
391.St. Lawrence, Porch of[353]
392.St. Lawrence, Interior of[354]
393.St. Sebaldus, Shrine of[355]
394.St. Sebaldus, Bride’s Door of[356]
197.Tabernacle from the Balâwât Gates[147]
423.Tabernacle, Fifteenth Century[395]
176.Temple on the Bank of a River, Khorsabad[135]
259.Temple in a Royal Park[203]
327.Temple of Biskurma at Ellora[276]
398.Temple Church, From the[359]
219.Tomb at Amrit, restored[166]
377.Towers and Round-Arch Frieze, Abbey of Komberg[337]
199.Tree of Life, Upper Portion of[149]
173.Triumphal Gate at Entrance of the Palace[132]
288.Three-handled Amphora[234]
75.Under Side of a Fibula[45]
42.Urns of the Bronze Age[25]
43.  ”    ”    ”    ”[25]
44.  ”    ”    ”    ”[25]
46.Urn of the Stone Age, found in Swedish Dolmen[26]
261.Upper Part of Parapet Wall of Staircase, Susa[205]
256.Upright of Royal Throne, Naksh-i-Rustem[200]
285.Vase in Woman’s Form[232]
286.  ”    ”    ”    ”[233]
289.Vase with Geometric Decoration[235]
271.Venus of Milo[220]
425.Venetian Panel[397]
229.Vessels Figured in Tomb of Rekhmara[174]
236.Vessel in Shape of a Goat[177]
276.Victory, Figure of[224]
250.View of a Group of Domed Buildings, from an Assyrian Bas-Relief[194]
214.Votive Stele from Carthage, with Sacred Emblems[162]
128.Vultures on a Ceiling[95]
333.Wall Painting, from Catacombs of S. Calixtus[290]
418.Wall Painting, Pompeii[390]
419.Wall Painting, Herculaneum[391]
389.Westminster Abbey[351]
129.Winged Globe with Uræus[95]
154.Winged Bull, Assyria[114]
159.Winged Globe, with the Figure of a God[119]
160.Winged Globe[119]
182.Winged Sphinx carrying Base of Capital[137]
413.Wollaton House[384]
77.Woollen Cloth with Gold and Silver Threads, Piece of[46]
266.Zeus of Otricoli[213]

HISTORIC ORNAMENT.

INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER.