The illustrations must only be accepted as blackboard diagrams, they are merely intended as aids in explanation of the text; more illustrations have been added to this edition, a few that appeared in the former edition have been left out.

J. Ward.

CONTENTS

PAGE
Introductory Chapter. By the Editor[1]
[CHAPTER I]
Definition of Ornament—Methods of Expression—Outlined,Flat, Coloured, Relieved, and Shaded Ornament—Definitionof Arabesques[19]
[CHAPTER II]
Elementary forms used in Ornament—Straight andCurved line Ornament—The Greek Honeysuckle,&c.[26]
[CHAPTER III]
The Laws of Composition in Ornament enumerated andexplained[40]
[CHAPTER IV]
The Shapes and Decoration of Mouldings—Fluted andReeded Ornament—Treatment of Floors, Walls, and Ceilings—Relief Work on Ceilings[50]
[CHAPTER V]
Outline and Division of Surfaces—Proportion of RectangularSurfaces—Spacing and Decoration of Circularand Curved Objects—Decoration of VariousShapes, of Planes and of Large Flat Surfaces—Abusesof Purely Natural Forms applied to Articlesof Use—Application of Ornament and Materials inWall Decoration[68]
[CHAPTER VI]
The Six Classes or Great Divisions of Ornament[80]
[CHAPTER VII]
The Application of Plants in Ornament—Plants Usedin Historic Ornament—The Acanthus—Its Use bythe Ancients in Capitals, Candelabra, and on FlatSurfaces—Modern Use and Treatment of the Acanthus[108]
[CHAPTER VIII]
The Symbolic and Mnemonic Classes of Ornament[130]
[CHAPTER IX]
Raphael’s Arabesques—Christian Symbolism—Comparisonof Symbolic and Æsthetic Ornament[138]
[Appendix on the Orders of Architecture][145]
[A Chapter on the Construction of Figures andCurves in Practical Plane Geometry][176]
[Glossary][199]

INDEX OF ILLUSTRATIONS

[A], [B], [C], [D], [E], [F], [I], [J], [K], [L], [M], [N], [O], [P], [R], [S], [T], [V], [W].

Figs.
Acanthus leaf (Greek), from a capital of the Tower of the Winds[151]
Acanthus leaf (Greek), with flowers from a capital of the Choragic Monument of Lysikrates[152]
Acanthus (Mollis), from nature[149]
Acanthus (Spinosus), from nature[150]
Acanthus, soft-leaved, from the soffit of the architrave at the Temple of Jupiter Stator[155]
Acanthus used on candelabra and small pillars[156], [158]
Acanthus, modern varieties of sea-weed and poppy-leaved Acanthus [159]
Acanthus, olive-leaf variety, from a Roman capital[153]
Acanthus, olive-leaf variety, from a capital of Mars Ultor[154], [187]
Arrangement of a wall-paper pattern[84]
Arrangements for wall-paper or room decoration, improper[80]-[83]
Astragal or bead moulding, with its ornament[77]
Bead and reel[78]
Book-cover (German), sixteenth century[124]
Border, upright lily, Greco-Roman[120]
Borders, Greek[113]-[117]
Borders of Medallions in enamelled earthenware by Luca Della Robbia[144]
Borders, Persian[118], [119]
Borders derived from the laurel[140], [141]
Bracts used for “clothing” stems in Scrolls, &c.[137], [157]
Capital, Greek Doric[175]
Capital, Greek Ionic[176]-[179]
Capital, Greek Corinthian[180], [181]
Capital, Roman Tuscan[182]
Capital, Roman Doric[183]
Capital, Roman Ionic[184]
Capital, Roman Corinthian[185], [187]
Capital, Roman Composite[188], [189]
Capitals (Byzantine), from Sta. Sophia at Constantinople, showing bossing out of ornament [A] and[B]B
Catenary, explained at page[31]
Cavetto and its ornament[56], [68]
Ceiling from Serlio’s architecture[89]
Ceiling, portion from the vestibule of St. Spirito(Florence), by Sansovino[88]
Ceilings, fillings of[85]-[87]
Ceilings, panelling of, showing at A an improper and at B a proper arrangement[92]
Checkers, carved[98], [99]
Cinque-Cento floral ornament composed of the acanthus, oak-leaf, convolvulus and wild rose[130]
Circle, ornament derived from[24]-[40]
Contrasting decoration on rectangular and circular borders[95]
Counter-change[171]
Counter-change pattern, Saracenic[172]
Cyma recta and its ornament[58], [64], [69]
Cyma reversa and its ornaments. See Ogee.
Diaper, Saracen[101]
Diaper, Italian, sixteenth century[106], [107], [110]
Diaper, Persian influence, sixteenth century[100]
Diaper, Italian, German origin, sixteenth century[107]
Door case at the Erechtheum, showing a portion of the Architrave, with the pateræ on the fascia[96]
Door panels illustrating improper division at A, proper division at B[93]
Entablature of the Erechtheum[C]
Entablature of the Caryatid portico attached to theErechtheum[D]
Entablature of the Parthenon[175]
Entablature of the Greek Ionic Temple on the Ilissus[176]
Entablature of the monument of Lysikrates[180]
Entablature of the Theatre of Marcellus[183]
Entablature of the Temple of Fortuna Virilis[184]
Entablature of the Pantheon, Rome[185]
Entablature of Jupiter Tonans[186]
Entablature of the Arch of Titus[189]
Festoon, or swag[27]
Finger-plates of different outlines[94]
Fluted ornaments for flat bands[75], [76]
Frets, Greek[12]-[15]
Frets, Egyptian[16]
Inscription from an Egyptian tablet[162]
Inscription (Japanese), “Jiu” or long life[163]
Interchange[173], [174]
Japanese decoration[1]
Japanese decoration, altered[2]
Kiku-Mon, badge of the Empire of Japan[169]
Lamp bottoms[134], [135]
Laurel from nature[139]
Lemon from nature[145]
Lily border, Greco-Roman[120]
Meander[44]-[47]
Monograms in Christian art[170]
Mouldings, profiles of Greek[61]-[66]
Mouldings, profiles of Roman[55]-[60]
Network, Japanese[102]
Ogee, Roman[57], [71]
Ogee, Greek[63], [70]
Ogee with water-leaf ornament from the Erechtheum[70], [73]
Ogee, Roman variety, with its ornaments[71]
Opus Alexandrinum, from a pavement in the Church of San Marco, Rome[79]
Ovolo, from the Erechtheum, enriched[67]
Panel ornament, Renaissance[128]
Panel (Venetian), illustrating balance without symmetry[126]
Panel, Cinque-Cento[127]
Panel with trophy of arms and armour[133]
Panel, design for a carved wood panel from the lemon plant[146]
Panel arrangement from the tiger-lily[148]
Paperhanging, design from the wild rose[143]
Patera[Frontispiece]
Pear-tree, winter aspect, illustrating “balance” in nature[160]
Pilaster, designed by Donatello[121]
Pilaster panel, Cinque-Cento[122]
Pilaster decoration, Italian[123]
Placque, in silver repoussé work, German seventeenth century[125]
Powdering, Japanese[103], [105]
Reduction of similar ornament in different spaces[E], [105]
Reeded ornaments for flat bands, &c.[76A], [76B]
Root forms, Mediæval and Oriental[138]
Rosettes (Roman), composed of leaf and floral forms[136]
Scarab, Egyptian symbolic form[161]
Scroll ornament on the roof of the Monument of Lysikrates[53]
Shield (Savage) made of cane and ornamented with cut shells and zig-zags[97]
Spandrel (Gothic), from Stone Church, Kent[131]
Spandrel, by Alfred Stevens[132]
Spiral[24]
Spiral curves, examples of ornament chiefly based on spiral curves[41], [43], [45], [47-51]
Spotting[84], [103], [105]
Straight-lined ornament[3]-[23]
Superimposed Japanese powdering[104]
Symbolic ornament, the Egyptian lotus and water[165]
Tail-pieces, or “lamp bottoms”[134], [135]
Tchakra, sacred wheel of Brahma and Vishnu, also the “wheel of fire”[168]
Thyrsus, staff of the god Bacchus[167]
Tiger-lily from nature[147]
Tree of life from an Assyrian bas-relief with worshippers[166]
Tripod stand on the top of the roof of the Monument of Lysikrates[54]
Vase, from the Hildesheim treasures[129]
Vases (Modern and Greek), showing unequal divisions of the height and strengthening horizontal bands[90], [91]
Wild rose from nature[142]
Wine-crater. See Vase.
Winged globe and asps, Egyptian symbolic ornament[164]