[91] The six states admitted between 1889 and 1890 were given 23,000,000 acres.
[92] There are now 153 national forests, embracing 175,940,000 acres.
[93] The Secretary of the Interior says the Osage Indians are probably the wealthiest people in the world, their average per capita wealth being over $9,500. Some families have an income of $12,000 a year.
[94] This bureau in the department of commerce must not be confused with the bureau of navigation in the navy department, already described.
[95] See also pp. 238-239. The increase in the number of immigrants by decades is shown by the following table:
| Decade | Population at Beginning | Total Number of |
| of Decade | Immigrants | |
| 1821-1830................ | 9,633,822 | 143,439 |
| 1831-1840................ | 12,866,020 | 599,125 |
| 1841-1850................ | 17,069,453 | 1,713,251 |
| 1851-1860................ | 23,191,876 | 2,598,224 |
| 1861-1870................ | 31,443,321 | 2,314,824 |
| 1871-1880................ | 38,558,371 | 2,812,191 |
| 1881-1890................ | 50,155,783 | 5,246,613 |
| 1891-1900................ | 62,622,250 | 3,687,564 |
| 1901-1910................ | 75,994,575 | 8,793,386 |
In 1916 naturalization certificates were issued to 93,911 persons and declarations of intention to become citizens were made by 207,935.
[96] In two classes of these cases, namely, those in which ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls are parties and those in which a state is a party, the Supreme Court has original jurisdiction, that is, the right to hear and determine the case in the first instance. But that does not mean that the Supreme Court has exclusive jurisdiction in such cases. Other federal courts may try such cases, and as a matter of fact few original suits have ever been brought in the Supreme Court. In the other classes of cases mentioned, the Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction (with such exceptions as Congress may make), that is, such cases must be commenced in the lower courts, from which they may be taken on appeal to the Supreme Court.
[97] The justices of the Supreme Court wear black silk gowns when holding court. The Chief Justice sits in the middle of a row of chairs, his associates being arranged on his right and left in the order of seniority of service.
[98] The first circuit embraces Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island; the second, Connecticut, New York, and Vermont; the third, Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania; the fourth, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; the fifth, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas; the sixth Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, and Tennessee; the seventh, Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin; the eighth, Arkansas, Colorado, Oklahoma, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming; the ninth, Alaska, Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, and Hawaii.