[99] “In the early Cyprian tombs clay models of chariots have been found; these are modelled with solid wheels; sometimes spokes are painted on the clay; other models are almost certainly intended to represent vehicles with block wheels....
“Prof. Tylor figures an ox-waggon carved on the Antonine column. It appears to have solid wheels, and the square end of the axle proves that it and its drum wheels turned round together.... Tylor also says that ancient Roman farm-carts were made with wheels built up of several pieces of wood nailed together.” (Haddon, Study of Man.)
[100] Called by the missionaries “Lake Candidius,” after Father Candidius, the Dutch missionary explorer, of the seventeenth century, who discovered it.
[101] It is possible, however, that if Mr. Russell had been in Korea in March 1919, and had seen the hideous cruelty practised at that time—cruelty which took the form of peculiarly ingenious and diabolical modes of torture on the part of Japanese officialdom towards unarmed Koreans, women and children as well as men—he might have modified his statement to the extent of saying that present-day Japan is copying Christian morals of the age of the Inquisition. That Japan is not a “Christian country” has no bearing on the question, since Buddhism, quite as much as Christianity, enjoins forbearance and gentleness, and stresses—as its key-note—“harmlessness.” But the teachings of Gautama, like those of Christ, have little effect upon “the direction taken by the criminal tendencies,” as Mr. Russell puts it, of the nominal followers of these teachings—in Orient or Occident.
[102] In this connection I speak of the aborigines of this particular island—Formosa. Among many of the Melanesian aborigines of other islands of the South Pacific—as among many tribes of equatorial Africa, and certain tribes of American Indians—every form of torture is applied to the vanquished enemy before death releases him from suffering.
[103] See Das Mutterrecht, by J. J. Bachofen.
[104] On this subject see Les Formes Élémentaires de la Vie Religieuse, by E. Durkheim.
[105] See Sex and Character, by Otto Weininger.
[106] The Dora of Dickens’s David Copperfield.
[107] See The Female of the Species, by Kipling.