Den a noc.
(Look for the words in the vocabulary at the end of the book). Den má dvacet čtyři hodiny. (Also čtyřiadvacet hodin). Noc jest ta část dne, kdy nám slunce nesvítí. Když slunce započíná svítiti, říkáme tomu ráno, nebo jitro. Poledne jest půl dne; hodiny ukazují dvanáct hodin. Půlnoc jest půl noci. Odpoledne jest doba mezi polednem a večerem. Večer slunce zapadá, tmí se. Lidé se zdraví: Dobré jitro! Dobrý den! Dobré odpoledne! Dobrý večer! Dobrou noc!
XV.
It is very important that the student of Bohemian master the declension of nouns, adjectives, pronouns and numerals. This is to be acquired not only by memorizing the case endings but also by thorough understanding of the meaning and use of the cases.
Case questions. To each case a set of questions corresponds, which help us to determine the case. The boy knows the soldier. Who knows the soldier? The boy knows the soldier.
Whom does the boy know? The boy knows the soldier. We see, that the question who? asks for and determines the nominative case, and the question whom? asks for and determines the objective case.
| Nominative | Kdo?, co? | who?, what? |
| Objective | Koho?, co? | whom?, what? |
| Possessive | Koho?, čí?, čeho? | whose?, of what? |
| Dative | Komu?, čemu? | to whom?, to what? |
| Locative | O kom?, o čem? | about whom?, about what? |
| Instrumental | S kým?, s čím? | with whom?, with what? |
The last question is used in asking for things, the first (and second of the possessive) is used in asking for animate beings.