5. Calvary or Golgotha. See Luke 23. 33 and Mark 15. 22 for the two names, one of which is Greek, the other Hebrew, both meaning "skull-like" or "the place of skulls." All positively known about this place is that it was outside the wall, but near the city (John 19. 20). Two localities are given: the traditional one, north of Zion and west of the temple, now occupied by the Church of the Holy Sepulcher; the other, recently coming into notice and accepted by many scholars, a hill on the north of the city, containing a great cave known as the "Grotto of Jeremiah." We adopt the latter place as Calvary, although the evidence is by no means certain. The place of the cross and that of the burial were in the same locality (John 19. 41, 42).
It would be well for the student to draw a rough diagram showing these places in their general relation to each other, as above.
III. We notice the Journeys of Jesus on the day of his crucifixion.
1. From Gethsemane to the High Priest's House. From the Garden of Gethsemane Jesus was taken to the high priest's house for examination before Annas and Caiaphas (Luke 22. 54.)
2. From the High Priest's House to Pilate's Palace. After examination before the high priests and the Jewish council Jesus was led to Pilate for another trial (Luke 23. 1).
3. From Pilate's Palace to Herod's Palace and return. Pilate sent Jesus to Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee; but Herod was unwilling to pass judgment upon him and sent him back (Luke 23. 7-11).
4. From Pilate's Palace to Calvary. At this second appearance before Pilate Jesus was condemned to death, and was taken to Calvary, outside the wall. Here he was crucified and after his death was buried (John 19. 16, 17, 41).