Mr. Martin obtained the following results from the examination of cream separated by centrifugal force, and of skimmed milk:—
| Cream. | Skimmed Milk. | |
| per cent. | per cent. | |
| Water | 52·21 | 90·34 |
| Fat | 41·16 | 0·15 |
| Sugar | 3·11 | 3·98 |
| Caseine | 3·40 | 4·80 |
| Salts | 0·12 | 0·78 |
The proportion of mineral constituents in milk usually ranges between 0·7 and 0·8 per cent. The average composition of milk ash is as follows:[20]—
| Per cent. | |
| Potassa | 24·5 |
| Soda | 11·0 |
| Lime | 22·5 |
| Magnesia | 2·6 |
| Ferric oxide | 0·3 |
| Phosphoric anhydride | 26·0 |
| Sulphuric anhydride | 1·0 |
| Chlorine | 15·6 |
| 103·5[21] |
The tabulation below gives the composition of human milk and the milk of various animals:—
| Specific Gravity. | Water. | Milk Solids. | Fat. | Caseine. | Milk Sugar. | Inorganic Salts. | |
| per cent. | per cent. | per cent. | per cent. | per cent. | per cent. | ||
| White woman | 1·0315 | 87·806 | 12·194 | 4·021 | 3·523 | 4·265 | 0·28 |
| Coloured woman | .. | 86·34 | 13·66 | 4·03 | 3·32 | 5·71 | 0·61 |
| Mare | 1·0310 | 91·310 | 9·690 | 1·055 | 1·953 | 6·285 | 0·397 |
| Goat | 1·0323 | 86·36 | 13·64 | 4·36 | 4·70 | 4·00 | 0·62 |
| Ewe | 1·0380 | 82·94 | 17·00 | 6·97 | 5·40 | 3·63 | 0·97 |
| Sow | 1·0440 | 81·80 | 18·20 | 6·00 | 5·30 | 6·07 | 0·83 |
| Canine | 1·0360 | 77·26 | 22·74 | 10·64 | 9·21 | 2·49 | 0·44 |
| Ass | 1·0330 | 91·95 | 8·05 | 0·11 | 1·82 | 6·08 | 0·34 |
| Camel | .. | 86·94 | 13·06 | 2·90 | 3·67 | 5·78 | 0·66 |
| |||||||
| Hippopotamus | .. | 90·43 | 9·57 | 4·51 | 4·40 | 0·11 | |
| Elephant | .. | 66·697 | 33·303 | 22·070 | 3·212 | 7·392 | 0·629 |
| Porpoise | .. | 41·11 | 58·89 | 45·80 | 11·19 | 1·33 | 0·57 |
| Cat | .. | 81·62 | 18·38 | 3·33 | 9·55 | 4·91 | 0·58 |
| Llama | .. | 89·55 | 10·45 | 3·15 | 0·90 | 5·60 | 0·80 |
Several varieties of preserved and condensed milk have, for a number of years, been placed upon the market. The composition of the best-known brands of these preparations is as follows:—
Preserved Milk.
| Brand. | Water. | Fat. | Cane and Milk Sugar. | Caseine. | Salts. |
| per cent. | per cent. | per cent. | per cent. | per cent. | |
| Alderney | 30·05 | 10·08 | 46·01 | 12·04 | 1·82 |
| Anglo-Swiss (American) | 29·46 | 8·11 | 50·41 | 10·22 | 1·80 |
| „„(English) | 27·80 | 8·24 | 51·07 | 10·80 | 2·09 |
| „„(Swiss) | 25·51 | 8·51 | 53·27 | 10·71 | 2·00 |
| Eagle | 27·30 | 6·60 | 44·47 | 10·77 | 1·86 |
| Crown | 29·44 | 9·27 | 49·26 | 10·11 | 1·92 |