[76] See Journal of American Ethnology and Archæology, vol. ii.
[77] "Las casas son de tres altos"—Segunda Relacion, p. 580.
[78] So far as our limited knowledge of the older ruins of Tusayan goes, we find that their inhabitants must have been as far removed from rude Shohonean nomads as their descendants are today. The settlement at the early site of Walpi is reported to have been made in very early times, some legends stating that it occurred at a period when the people were limited to one family—the Snake. The fragments of pottery which I have found in the mounds of that ancient habitation are as fine and as characteristic of Tusayan as that of Sikyatki or Awatobi. It is inferior to none in the whole pueblo area, and betrays long sedentary life of its makers before it was manufactured.
[79] Journal of American Folk-lore, vol. v, No. xviii, 1892.
[80] There is a rude sketch of these two idols of Alosaka in the archives of the Hemenway Expedition. They represent figurines about 4 feet tall, with two horns on the head not unlike those of the Tewan clowns or gluttons called Paiakyamû. As so little is known of the Mishoñinovi ritual, the rites in which they are used are at present inexplicable.
[81] See the ear-ornament of the mask shown in plate cviii, of the Fifteenth Annual Report.
[82] Similar "spouts" were found by Mindeleff at Awatobi, and a like use of them is suggested in his valuable memoir.
[83] The Keresan people are called by the same name, Kawaika, which, as hitherto explained, is specially applied to the modern pueblo of Laguna.
[84] The Asa people who came to Tusayan from the Rio Grande claim to have lived for a few generations in Tubka or Tségi (Chelly) canyon.
[85] The pottery of ancient Cibola is practically identical with that of the ruined pueblos of the Colorado Chiquito, near Winslow, Arizona.