[34] The two ruins Kitsiel and Betatakin are those about which extravagant statements as to size and character were made about two years ago by newspapers and otherwise reliable magazines.
[35] Like all ruins in East canyon, Cradle House is situated in a small side canyon on the left bank.
[36] Trickling-spring House is not located on the accompanying map and, so far as could be ascertained, had not been visited by archeologists previously to the writer’s visit. A young Navaho guided the writer to it a short time before he left the region.
[37] Of course some of the rooms in Cliff Palace, especially those at the western extension of the northern end, are dependent, the cliff forming their rear walls.
[38] Both kinds of circular kivas are found in the cliff-ruins at Casa Blanca and in Mummy cave in the Canyon de Chelly.
[39] These rites in all the Hopi pueblos are performed, as in ancient times, in rectangular rooms not called kivas. The Snake rites are performed now, as when the clan lived at Tokónabi in subterranean rooms (kivas), the present form of which is rectangular instead of circular, as at Tokónabi.
[40] It appears that in some of the ruins of the Navaho National Monument there were both circular subterranean kivas and rectangular rooms used for ceremonial purposes. At Wukóki the former do not exist, but two of the latter can be recognized, one of which has a construction like a ventilator.
[41] None of the five Walpi kivas is older than 1680, and one or two are of later construction.
[42] Haus und Dorf bei den Eingeborenen Nordamerikas, in Arch. für Anthr., N. F., Bd. VII, Heft 2 and 3, 1908.
[43] The circular kivas of Kükütcomo, the twin ruins on the mesa above Sikyatki, near Walpi, are the only ceremonial rooms of this form known from the Hopi mesas. These were the work of the Coyote clan and are of Eastern origin.