[18] The Winter Solstice Ceremony at Walpi, op. cit.
[19] The Asa people are also called the Tcakwaina clans. The ruins of their old village, near the western point of Awatobi mesa, are called Tcakwaina-ki. Its walls do not appear above the surface.
[20] The particular ceremony of the Pakab peoples is the Momtcita, a single day's rite which occurs just after the Soyaluña, under direction of Pautiwa. Connected with this ceremony are the performances of the "stick swallowers" or Nocoto priests who were thought to be extinct at Walpi, but Eewa is chief of the Nocotana priests, and the society includes Wikyatiwa, Talahoya, Sikyaventima, and others. They still practice stick-swallowing. Pautiwa is chief of the Kalektaka, a warrior priesthood. He belongs to the Eagle clan of the Pakab phratry, which may be related to the Awata or Bow clan of the former pueblo of Awatobi.
[21] Tcoshoniwa is generally called by a nickname, Tcino, "Bald-head," or "Curly-hair," a sobriquet to which he strongly objects. He is one of the oldest men of Sitcomovi, belongs to the Patki clan, and was formerly the kimoñwi or governor of Sitcomovi. Hani, of the Piba (Tobacco) clan, is political chief of Walpi; and Anote, also of the Piba clan, is chief of Hano. All the pueblos have kimoñwis or governors, and the office dates from early times; but these pueblo chiefs have no authority over pueblos other than their own.
[22] The orientation of the Hano kivas is not far from that of the other East Mesa kivas, or about north 44º west.
[23] The chief kiva had a small stove, an innovation which was greatly appreciated by the writer.
[24] So named by the Hopi; the Tewa call him Tem[)e], At Hano almost everyone has a Hopi and a Tewa name.
[25] Son of Kutcve and Kotcampa of the Kolon-towa, or Corn clan; commonly called "Esquash" by Americans.
[26] The corn-husk packet of meal seems to be wanting in Zuñian, Keresan, and Tanoan prayer-sticks, but it is almost universally present in those of the Hopi. The Tanoan prayer-stick is called o'dope.
[27] A cephalic horn is an essential organ of the Great Snake, and is always represented in pictography and on graven or other images of this being. Note the similarity of his Tewa name to the Spanish word abajo, "below."