Teeth.—Upper molariform teeth: P4 always with two counterfolds; M1 with two counterfolds in 65 per cent of specimens but anterior counterfold poorly developed; rest of specimens with only one counterfold in M1; M2 with two counterfolds in 50 per cent of specimens and only one in remainder; M3 with two counterfolds in only 17 per cent of specimens, and remainder with only one. Lower molariform teeth: p4 always with two counterfolds; molars always with only one counterfold.
Comparisons.—From P. i. panema, denigratus differs in: Each lower molar with only one, instead of with more than one, counterfold; incisive foramen longer and narrower; vomerine sheath complete instead of incomplete; aristiforms conspicuously wider; tail longer.
Remarks.—One female (SEPFA no. M 17060) captured on 9 January, 1944, gave birth to two females on 26 January, 1944. Each of these young measured 177 mm in total length and weighed 27.8 g. On 4 March, 1944, their measurements were: head and body, 120,120; tail, 120,130; hind foot, 32,33; ear, 21,22; skull:—total length, 36.0,35.0; condyloincisive length, 29.0,29.1; zygomatic breadth, 19.1,18.5; length of nasals, 12.5,11.6; interorbital constriction, 9.3,8.8; cranial breadth, 16.4,16.9; palatilar length, 11.5,10.5; crown length of P4 and M1, 4.3,4.3 mm.
The forest where the animals were captured has a high percentage of deciduous trees in spite of the heavy rainfall in this region. All of the animals were trapped near water. Young were captured from January to May. Most animals have a conspicuous Cinnamon patch on the nuchal region.
Specimens examined.—Total number, 34 (SEPFA 33, MN 1), from Brazil, Bahia, Itabuna, Mata do Ribeirão da Fortuna.
Proechimys iheringi paratus subspecies nova
Type locality.—Floresta da Capela de São Braz, Santa Teresa, Espirito Santo, Brazil; altitude 630 meters. Type: Museu Nacional, no. 4012, adult female; collected on 24 September, 1940, by Dr. H. W. Laemmert; SEPFA no. M 8447.
Range.—Known only from the type locality.
Diagnosis.—Aristiforms wide and stiff; tail 96 per cent of head and body; color on setiform Cinnamon-Buff; incisive foramen short and moderately wide; vomerine sheath complete; all molariform teeth with two counterfolds.