1807. The decree of Napoleon restricting the trade of Holland went into operation, by which the commerce of that country, after a long declension, was totally ruined.
1813. Battle of Williamsburg, in Canada. The Americans under general Boyd, 1700, attacked the British, 2170. The victory was claimed by both parties, though it seems to have been with the British. American loss, killed 102, wounded 237; British loss, officially stated at 180—thought to exceed 500.
1817. Francisco Espoz y Mina, one of the most distinguished of the Spanish patriots, executed in Spain.
1835. Great tempest on lake Erie; a number of lives and vessels lost; the water rose higher than it was ever known before at Buffalo, and did great damage.
1837. Thomas Green Fessenden, an American poet and agricultural writer, died. He conducted the New England Farmer many years; was a man of extensive information and considerable literary acquirements.
1849. Henry Maynadier, a revolutionary officer and army surgeon, died at Annapolis, Maryland, aged 93.
1855. Thomas Wilde, baron Truro, died at London. As one of the best pleaders at the English bar, he was employed as one of the counsel for queen Caroline. He filled many offices of distinction and became lord chancellor in 1850.
1855. Jeddo, in the island of Japan destroyed by an earthquake.
NOVEMBER 12.
606. Boniface III, pope, died. He established the superiority of the popes over the patriarchs of Constantinople.