1499. Edward Plantagenet, earl of Warwick, beheaded.
1523. Election of Clement VII (Julius de Medici), to the disappointment and deep resentment of cardinal Wolsey; an event which had its weight in the establishment of the English reformation.
1631. Edmund Richer, an eminent French theological writer, died. He possessed great powers of mind, and a lively imagination; but his writings became obnoxious to the pope's legate, and drew on him persecution.
1655. Peace between England and France proclaimed.
1680. Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini died; an Italian famous for his skill in painting, sculpture, architecture and mechanics. He left a large fortune and was buried with great magnificence.
1708. Anthony Vandale died; an eminent Dutch physician and critic.
1776. Washington retreated across the Passaic before Cornwallis. The diminution of the American army by the departure of those whose terms of service had expired, encouraged the British to pursue the remaining force with the prospect of annihilating it. The pursuit was urged with so much rapidity, that the rear of the army, pulling down bridges, was often within sight and shot of the van of the other, building them up.
1778. Edward Rowe Mores, an able English antiquary, died.
1782. Edict of the emperor Joseph II, absolving religious orders in the Low Countries from all foreign dependence whatever.
1785. William Whipple, one of the signers, died. He was a native of New Hampshire, and employed several years in commercial voyages. In 1775 he was a representative from Portsmouth, and in 1777 was placed at the head of a brigade raised to oppose Burgoyne, which he commanded at the battle of Saratoga.