1805. The county of Jefferson, in northern New York, erected.
1811. A hereditary monarchy established in Hayti, and Christophe declared king, by the title of Henry I.
1814. Action in the neutral port of Valparaiso between the United States frigate Essex, Capt. Porter, 52 guns, 255 men, and the British ship Phebe and sloop of war Cherub, in all 81 guns and 500 men. After a most sanguinary conflict of more than 2 hours, the Essex was captured, with the loss of 58 killed.
1818. Alexander Sabes Petion, president of Hayti, died. He joined the revolution at the age of 20, and when the blacks had succeeded in gaining their independence, he was appointed governor of the western province, and in 1807 elected president.
1836. Richard Valpy, an eminent Greek and Latin scholar, died, aged 82, at Kensington, England.
1838. Thomas Morton, one of the most successful of modern dramatists, died at London, aged 74.
1849. The king of Prussia elected emperor by the German parliament at Frankfort. He did not accept.
1852. John Haviland, an eminent architect, died at Washington, aged 60. He was born in England, and commenced his career in Russia. He came to this country highly recommended by J. Q. Adams, and constructed many public works. He paid especial attention to the construction of jails and prisons.
1853. A peace address signed by 4000 English merchants, bankers and traders, presented to Napoleon III at the Tuilleries.
1854. War formally declared against Russia by Great Britain and France.